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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Endocrine System Hormones Quiz: Test Your Knowledge Now!

Dive into our endocrine glands functions quiz and master hormone regulation!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration showing endocrine glands hormones and quiz title on dark blue background

Ready to boost your biology smarts? This endocrine system hormones quiz invites you to explore the vital roles of glands like the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal in keeping you thriving. Test your grasp on key concepts from hormone production, feedback mechanisms to hormone regulation quiz challenges that mirror real-life scenarios. You'll gain a deeper understanding of hormone synthesis pathways, glandular interactions and how imbalances impact health. Whether you're a student mastering anatomy or a curious science lover, our free hormones quiz covers everything from endocrine glands functions quiz basics to advanced regulation topics. Dive in - start with our endocrine system quiz or challenge yourself in the endocrine hormone quiz and see your score today!

Easy
Which of the following is an endocrine gland?
Sweat gland
Salivary gland
Sebaceous gland
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a classic endocrine gland because it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate metabolism and growth. Other glands like sweat and salivary glands are exocrine, secreting their products via ducts. Endocrine glands lack ducts and release their hormones into the circulatory system. Learn more
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Insulin
Insulin is released by pancreatic beta cells in response to high blood glucose and facilitates cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood sugar levels. Glucagon has the opposite effect, raising blood glucose. Cortisol and epinephrine also increase blood glucose under stress. Read more
The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland via:
Blood pressure changes
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Osmotic pressure shifts
Neural stimulation
The hypothalamus secretes specific releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, which directly regulates anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Neural stimulation primarily affects the posterior pituitary via direct neuronal connections. Blood pressure and osmolarity do not directly regulate pituitary secretion. More details
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
ACTH
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Oxytocin
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary for release. Prolactin, growth hormone, and ACTH are secreted by the anterior pituitary. This structural difference is due to the neural connection of the posterior lobe. Read more
Parathyroid hormone primarily regulates which mineral?
Calcium
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, increasing renal reabsorption of calcium, and enhancing activation of vitamin D. It has a lesser effect on phosphate regulation but its primary role is calcium homeostasis. Sodium, potassium, and chloride are regulated by other systems. Details here
Which hormone increases heart rate and is released by the adrenal medulla?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Insulin
Epinephrine
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla and acts to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels during the 'fight-or-flight' response. Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex and has metabolic effects. Aldosterone regulates sodium and water balance, and insulin lowers blood glucose. Study more
Which hormone is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas?
Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin
Amylin
Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Beta cells produce insulin, and delta cells produce somatostatin. Amylin is co-secreted with insulin by beta cells. Learn more
Where is the pineal gland located?
In the brain near the third ventricle
Behind the thyroid gland
Within the pancreas
At the base of the neck
The pineal gland is a small endocrine structure located in the brain near the third ventricle and produces melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms. It is not connected to the neck, thyroid, or pancreas. Its deep location is why it was historically difficult to study. More info
Medium
TSH stimulates which of the following?
Thyroid hormone secretion
ADH release
Insulin secretion
Growth hormone secretion
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary and acts on the thyroid gland to promote synthesis and release of T3 and T4. It has no direct effect on growth hormone, insulin, or ADH secretion. Read more
Which hormone uses cAMP as a second messenger?
Glucagon
Vitamin D
Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Glucagon binds to its G protein - coupled receptor on hepatocytes, activating adenylate cyclase and increasing cAMP to stimulate glycogenolysis. Thyroid and steroid hormones act via nuclear receptors, and vitamin D also uses intracellular receptors. Source
Aldosterone is primarily involved in regulating:
Blood glucose
Calcium metabolism
Growth
Sodium and water balance
Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid from the adrenal cortex, increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys, thus controlling water balance and blood pressure. It does not directly regulate glucose, calcium, or growth. Learn more
Cortisol is secreted from which zone of the adrenal cortex?
Zona reticularis
Adrenal medulla
Zona fasciculata
Zona glomerulosa
The adrenal cortex has three layers: glomerulosa (aldosterone), fasciculata (cortisol), and reticularis (androgens). The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, not steroid hormones. More details
Which hormone has the longest half-life in circulation?
Thyroxine (T4)
Insulin
ADH
Epinephrine
Thyroxine (T4) is bound to transport proteins and has a half-life of about 7 days, making it the longest among these hormones. Epinephrine, insulin, and ADH are short-lived peptides with half-lives under an hour. Reference
The primary inhibitory hormone for growth hormone release is:
TRH
Somatostatin
GHRH
Dopamine
Somatostatin (growth hormone - inhibiting hormone) secreted by the hypothalamus directly suppresses GH release from the anterior pituitary. GHRH stimulates GH release, while TRH and dopamine regulate other pituitary hormones. Learn more
Which of the following stimulates insulin secretion?
High blood osmolarity
Low blood glucose
Low blood pressure
High blood glucose
Beta cells in the pancreas sense elevated blood glucose and secrete insulin to promote glucose uptake and storage. Low glucose, osmolarity, and pressure changes do not directly trigger insulin release. More info
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abbreviation is:
RAAS
HPA axis
HPT axis
HPG axis
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) describes the feedback interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. HPT refers to the thyroid axis, HPG to the gonadal axis, and RAAS to the renin-angiotensin system. Study more
Hard
Which receptor type does thyroid hormone primarily use?
Tyrosine kinase receptor
G-protein coupled receptor
Intracellular nuclear receptor
Ligand-gated ion channel
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) diffuse into cells and bind to nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription. They do not use membrane-bound GPCRs, tyrosine kinase receptors, or ion channels. More details
Which enzyme converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?
17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Aromatase
11-beta hydroxylase
5-alpha reductase
5-alpha reductase catalyzes the reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent androgen. Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens, 17?-HSD interconverts active and inactive steroids, and 11?-hydroxylase participates in cortisol synthesis. Learn more
The main binding protein for thyroxine in the blood is:
Transferrin
Sex hormone-binding globulin
Albumin
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) carries most circulating T4, ensuring hormone stability and transport. Albumin binds small amounts, transferrin carries iron, and sex hormone-binding globulin binds sex steroids. Details here
In negative feedback, increased levels of cortisol inhibit release of:
CRH and ACTH
ADH and oxytocin
GH and PRL
TSH and LH
Elevated cortisol levels feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to suppress corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. This maintains hormonal balance. Other pituitary axes are not directly affected by cortisol feedback. Reference
The hormone responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding is:
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Estrogen
Oxytocin triggers the milk ejection reflex by causing myoepithelial cell contraction in the mammary glands. Prolactin stimulates milk production but does not directly cause ejection. Estrogen and progesterone regulate mammary development but not the reflex. Learn more
Which hormone is synthesized from cholesterol?
Thyroxine
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Insulin
Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex. Insulin and epinephrine are peptides/amino acid derivatives, and thyroxine is an iodinated tyrosine derivative. More info
The RAAS system is initiated by secretion of:
Angiotensin II
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin
Renin is released by juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney in response to low perfusion, triggering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin II and aldosterone are downstream effectors. ADH is regulated by osmolarity and blood pressure separately. Learn more
Which transcription factor is critical for beta cell development?
Pdx1
Sox9
Tbx19
Foxo1
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is essential for pancreatic development and beta-cell differentiation, regulating insulin gene expression. Tbx19, Sox9, and Foxo1 have roles in other tissues or later cell functions. Reference
Expert
Type II deiodinase is responsible for:
Secretion of T4 from the thyroid
Transport of T3 in blood
Conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues
Inactivation of T3 to reverse T3
Type II deiodinase catalyzes the conversion of the prohormone T4 to active T3 in peripheral tissues, regulating local thyroid hormone action. Type III deiodinase inactivates T3 to reverse T3. Thyroid secretion and transport are separate processes. Learn more
Persistent high levels of hormone cause receptor downregulation by:
Enhanced signal transduction
Decreased receptor gene transcription and increased endocytosis
No change in receptor number
Increased receptor synthesis
Chronic high hormone exposure leads to receptor downregulation through reduced transcription of receptor genes and receptor internalization/endocytosis, decreasing cell sensitivity. This prevents overstimulation. Upregulating or unchanged receptors would have the opposite effect. Reference
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can mimic which hormone during early pregnancy?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
hCG has a structure very similar to LH and binds LH receptors on the corpus luteum, maintaining progesterone production in early pregnancy. It does not functionally replace FSH, TSH, or ACTH. Its LH?like action is critical for pregnancy maintenance. Learn more
0
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Major Endocrine Glands -

    Distinguish key endocrine glands and the hormones they produce through this endocrine system hormones quiz, laying the foundation for further exploration.

  2. Explain Hormone Production and Secretion -

    Describe the biosynthesis, storage, and release mechanisms of hormones to understand how chemical messengers reach target cells.

  3. Analyze Hormone Regulation Mechanisms -

    Interpret negative and positive feedback loops to see how the body maintains hormonal balance under different physiological conditions.

  4. Assess Endocrine Glands Functions -

    Evaluate the specific roles of each gland in maintaining homeostasis, using scenario-based questions to reinforce learning.

  5. Apply Knowledge to Clinical Scenarios -

    Use case studies of hormonal disorders to predict outcomes and understand the implications of endocrine imbalances.

  6. Self-Assess with Interactive Questions -

    Challenge your understanding with targeted questions that highlight strengths and areas for improvement in hormone regulation.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Control -

    The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form the master control center, releasing tropic hormones (e.g., TRH → TSH, CRH → ACTH) to regulate peripheral glands. Knowing this axis is crucial for the endocrine system hormones quiz because it underpins disorders like Cushing's disease and hypothyroidism (Endocrine Society). Use the mnemonic "FLAT PEG" to remember anterior pituitary hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH are tropic; Prolactin, Endorphins, GH are direct.

  2. Hormone Classifications and Mechanisms -

    Hormones fall into three classes - peptides (insulin), steroids (cortisol), and amines (thyroid hormones) - each with distinct synthesis and receptor interactions (Nationwide Children's Hospital). Water-soluble peptides use membrane receptors and second messengers like cAMP, while lipid-soluble steroids cross membranes to bind intracellular receptors. A handy trick: "Polar Peptides Propel cAMP" helps recall signaling pathways for peptide hormones.

  3. Key Endocrine Glands and Secretions -

    Review major glands: thyroid (T3, T4 via iodination of MIT + DIT), adrenal cortex (cortisol, aldosterone), and pancreas (insulin, glucagon) to ace the endocrine glands functions quiz. Each gland's output has systemic impacts - thyroid controls basal metabolic rate, cortisol handles stress, and insulin regulates glucose uptake (Harvard Medical School). Sketch a table mapping gland → hormone → primary effect for quick visual recall.

  4. Feedback Loops and Homeostasis -

    Negative feedback is your quiz friend: elevated cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH release, while high T3/T4 suppress TRH/TSH (Mayo Clinic). Positive feedback, though rarer, drives events like the LH surge during ovulation. Draw feedback diagrams and label arrows to see how imbalances cause pathologies such as hypo- or hyperthyroidism.

  5. Mnemonics for Rapid Recall -

    Boost retention with memory aids: "SLGT" reminds that Steroids are Lipid-soluble, G protiens for peptides, Thyroids are amines. For anterior pituitary hormones, use "FLAT PiG." Incorporate these mnemonics into flashcards for your hormones quiz, and test yourself until recall is instant (Journal of Medical Education).

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