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Quizzes > Science > Biology

How Well Do You Know Chapter 7 Biology? Take the Quiz!

Ready to tackle bio chapter 7? Challenge your biology ch 7 skills today!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art sun mitochondrion on sky blue background for free biology quiz cell respiration photosynthesis energy conversion

Ready to conquer chapter 7 biology? Dive into our Chapter 7 Biology Quiz: Test Your Cell & Energy Knowledge and challenge yourself on cell respiration, photosynthesis & energy conversion fundamentals. Whether you're brushing up on bio chapter 7 lectures, gearing up for chapter 7 bio exams, or reviewing biology ch 7 topics in lab prep, this free quiz will pinpoint your strengths and spotlight areas to revisit. You'll learn to distinguish ATP cycles, light-dependent and light-independent reactions, and identify electron transport details. Think you've mastered the material? Try our photosynthesis and cellular respiration quiz and sharpen your skills with a fun cellular energetics quiz . Start now and ace your next assessment!

What is the primary pigment that absorbs light in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll b
Carotene
Chlorophyll a
Xanthophyll
Chlorophyll a is the main pigment in the photosystems that absorbs light primarily in the blue-violet and red wavelengths. It drives the light reactions by transferring excited electrons to the electron transport chain. Accessory pigments like chlorophyll b and carotenoids broaden the spectrum but are not the primary light absorbers. Chlorophyll
Where does glycolysis take place in a cell?
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast stroma
Nucleus
Mitochondrial matrix
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This pathway breaks down one glucose into two pyruvate molecules, producing ATP and NADH. It does not require mitochondria or oxygen directly. Glycolysis
Which molecule is considered the main energy currency of the cell?
FADH2
ADP
NADH
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores and transfers energy for many cellular processes. The high-energy phosphate bonds release energy when hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate. NADH and FADH2 carry electrons but are not directly used as general energy currency. ATP
Which gas is produced as a byproduct of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Hydrogen (H2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
During the light-dependent reactions, water molecules are split (photolysis) to release electrons, protons, and oxygen. The freed oxygen diffuses out as a byproduct. Carbon dioxide is consumed in the Calvin cycle, not produced in the light reactions. Light reactions
In which organelle do plant cells carry out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Chloroplasts contain the thylakoid membranes and stroma where the light reactions and the Calvin cycle occur. Mitochondria are involved in respiration, not photosynthesis. Other organelles do not carry out the light-driven or carbon-fixing steps. Chloroplast
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Glucose
Pyruvate
Lactate
Acetyl-CoA
Glycolysis converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, along with a net gain of two ATP and two NADH. Under aerobic conditions pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, while under anaerobic conditions it can be reduced to lactate or ethanol. Glycolysis products
How many carbon dioxide molecules are required to produce one molecule of glucose in the Calvin cycle?
6
1
12
3
The Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide by adding CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate in six cycles to form one fructose-6-phosphate (a hexose), equivalent to one glucose molecule. Each turn fixes one CO2, so six are needed. Calvin cycle
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Oxidative phosphorylation, which includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, generates about 26 - 28 ATP per glucose molecule. Glycolysis yields 2 ATP, and the Krebs cycle yields 2 ATP (as GTP). Fermentation does not produce additional ATP beyond glycolysis. Oxidative phosphorylation
What reactant is required for the Calvin cycle to fix carbon?
Water (H2O)
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Glucose
The Calvin cycle uses CO2 from the atmosphere, incorporating it into organic molecules via the enzyme Rubisco. ATP and NADPH from the light reactions supply the energy and reducing power. Oxygen is a byproduct of the light reactions, not a substrate for carbon fixation. Calvin cycle
Which molecule carries electrons to the electron transport chain during respiration?
O2
ATP
CO2
NADH
NADH donates electrons to Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, contributing to the proton gradient used to generate ATP. FADH2 also donates but at Complex II. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, not a carrier. Electron transport chain
NADH transfers electrons to which complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?
Complex II
Complex I
ATP synthase
Complex III
NADH is oxidized by Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), which pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. FADH2 donates at Complex II but does not pump protons. Complex III and IV continue electron flow, and ATP synthase produces ATP. Complex I
What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per one glucose molecule?
8
6
4
2
Glycolysis uses 2 ATP in its initial phase and produces 4 ATP in the payoff phase, giving a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose. It also generates 2 NADH molecules. Glycolysis ATP yield
Which enzyme catalyzes the fixation of CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle?
Rubisco
Phosphofructokinase
ATP synthase
Pyruvate kinase
Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is the enzyme that fixes CO2 to RuBP, forming 3-phosphoglycerate. It is the most abundant enzyme on Earth. Other listed enzymes function in glycolysis or ATP synthesis. Rubisco
Which enzyme synthesizes ATP using a proton gradient during oxidative phosphorylation?
Succinate dehydrogenase
Phosphofructokinase
ATP synthase
Cytochrome c oxidase
ATP synthase (Complex V) harnesses the proton motive force to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. Succinate dehydrogenase is Complex II, and cytochrome c oxidase is Complex IV, both involved in electron transport. ATP synthase
Which process regenerates NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen?
Calvin cycle
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Fermentation
Fermentation pathways (such as lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation) oxidize NADH back to NAD+ so glycolysis can continue when oxygen is limited. Oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen, and the Calvin cycle is in photosynthesis. Fermentation
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?
NAD+
Water (H2O)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen accepts electrons at Complex IV to form water, allowing the electron transport chain to continue. Without O2, the chain backs up and ATP production stops. CO2 is a product of respiration, not an acceptor. Electron transport chain
Photophosphorylation takes place in which part of the chloroplast?
Outer membrane
Stroma
Intermembrane space
Thylakoid membrane
The thylakoid membrane houses the photosystems and ATP synthase that carry out light-dependent phosphorylation. The stroma is the site of the Calvin cycle. The outer membrane and intermembrane space are in mitochondria. Thylakoid
In the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form which compound?
Citrate
Malate
Fumarate
Succinate
Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate to form citrate, the first intermediate of the Krebs cycle. Succinate, malate, and fumarate are downstream intermediates. Citrate synthase
What is chemiosmosis in the context of cellular respiration?
Substrate-level phosphorylation in the cytoplasm
Movement of protons across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis
Direct transfer of electrons to oxygen
Diffusion of CO2 out of the cell
Chemiosmosis refers to the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP. It links the electron transport chain to ATP production. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a different mechanism. Chemiosmosis
What role does water play in photosystem II?
It transports protons into the stroma
It acts as the final electron acceptor
It is the source of electrons, releasing O2
It phosphorylates ADP directly
In photosystem II, water is split (photolysis) to provide electrons to replace those excited out of chlorophyll, generating O2 and protons. The released electrons travel through the electron transport chain. Water is not the electron acceptor and does not directly phosphorylate ADP. Water-splitting
Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced for each FADH2 oxidized in the electron transport chain?
2.5
1.5
4
3
Each FADH2 donates electrons at Complex II, resulting in fewer protons pumped and an estimated yield of about 1.5 ATP. NADH yields about 2.5 ATP because it donates at Complex I. These are physiologically measured values. Proton-motive force
Where is the proton gradient established during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria?
Across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytoplasm
Inside the mitochondrial matrix
Across the outer mitochondrial membrane
Protons are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space by complexes I, III, and IV, creating an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. This gradient drives ATP synthesis when protons flow back through ATP synthase. The outer membrane is freely permeable to small molecules. Mitochondrial membrane
Why is the actual ATP yield of aerobic respiration lower than the theoretical maximum?
Proton leakage and transport costs reduce efficiency
NADH yields more ATP than expected
Glucose is not fully oxidized
Oxygen availability is always limiting
Some protons leak back across the inner membrane or are used for transport of metabolites, lowering efficiency. Theoretical calculations ignore these losses. Oxygen is usually abundant, and glucose is fully oxidized under aerobic conditions. Proton leak
What is the term for the light-driven splitting of water in photosynthesis?
Phototropism
Photorespiration
Photophosphorylation
Photolysis
Photolysis refers to the splitting of water into oxygen, protons, and electrons by photosystem II under light. Photophosphorylation is ATP formation via the proton gradient. Photorespiration is a wasteful reaction by Rubisco. Photolysis
Which stage(s) of cellular respiration release carbon dioxide?
Pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Fermentation
Glycolysis only
CO2 is released when pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA and during multiple steps of the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis does not release CO2. The electron transport chain transfers electrons and protons but does not produce CO2. Krebs cycle
How many NADH molecules are produced per acetyl-CoA molecule entering the Krebs cycle?
3
2
1
4
Each turn of the Krebs cycle generates three NADH (from isocitrate, ?-ketoglutarate, and malate dehydrogenase steps), one FADH2, and one GTP/ATP. Two turns occur per glucose. Citric acid cycle
Which photosystem is primarily responsible for the production of NADPH?
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
Neither, ATP synthase produces NADPH
Both Photosystems I and II equally
Photosystem I absorbs light and transfers high-energy electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH. Photosystem II provides electrons to the chain but ultimately passes them to photosystem I. ATP synthase synthesizes ATP, not NADPH. Photosystem I
Which color of light is least effective for driving photosynthesis in most plants?
Blue
Green
Red
Violet
Chlorophyll reflects green light rather than absorbing it, making green wavelengths the least effective for photosynthesis. Red and blue lights are absorbed strongly. Violet is near blue in the spectrum. Absorption spectrum
Why do chloroplasts perform cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I?
To produce oxygen
To increase NADPH production
To generate additional ATP without producing NADPH
To fix carbon dioxide directly
Cyclic electron flow routes electrons from Photosystem I back to the cytochrome complex, pumping protons and producing ATP without NADPH. This balances the ATP/NADPH ratio for the Calvin cycle. Oxygen evolution requires Photosystem II. Cyclic flow
Considering an average H+/ATP coupling ratio of about 2.7, approximately how many protons must flow through ATP synthase to produce one ATP?
4
6
3
2
Structural studies suggest roughly 8 c-subunits in the ATP synthase rotor, yielding about 8/3 ? 2.7 protons per ATP. This is often rounded to 3 protons for simplicity in calculations. The exact number can vary across species. ATP synthase coupling
What is the total ATP yield per glucose under typical eukaryotic cellular conditions during complete aerobic respiration?
32
38
36
30
Modern measurements account for mitochondrial membrane transport costs and proton leak, yielding about 30 ATP per glucose in eukaryotes (2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs, ~26 from oxidative phosphorylation). Older textbooks often cite 36 - 38 but those assume perfect efficiency. Respiratory efficiency
Which molecule acts as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in glycolysis when cellular energy levels are high?
ATP
ADP
NADH
AMP
ATP binds to an allosteric site on PFK-1, decreasing its affinity for fructose-6-phosphate, a form of feedback inhibition when energy is abundant. AMP and ADP compete to relieve this inhibition when energy is low. NADH does not directly regulate PFK-1. PFK regulation
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Study Outcomes

  1. Recall Cellular Respiration Stages -

    Identify and sequence the key steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to reinforce your understanding of energy production in bio chapter 7.

  2. Delineate Photosynthesis Phases -

    Describe the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, detailing how plants convert light energy into chemical energy as presented in chapter 7 biology.

  3. Compare Energy Conversion Pathways -

    Contrast the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to understand how organisms capture, store, and release energy at the cellular level.

  4. Interpret ATP Production Efficiency -

    Analyze how ATP yield varies across different cellular pathways and evaluate the factors that influence energy efficiency in cells.

  5. Apply Chapter 7 Bio Knowledge -

    Use flashcard-style questions to reinforce and test your retention of key terms and processes from biology ch 7 in an engaging quiz format.

  6. Analyze Reactants and Products -

    Examine the inputs and outputs of major cellular processes to determine how molecules like glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ATP are interchanged.

Cheat Sheet

  1. ATP: Cellular Energy Currency -

    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds; think of ATP as your cell's rechargeable battery. The reaction ADP + Pi → ATP + H₂O is driven by enzymes like ATP synthase, making it easy to remember how cells "top off" their energy.

  2. Glycolysis to Electron Transport Chain -

    Cellular respiration (bio chapter 7) occurs in three stages: glycolysis in the cytosol, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, and the electron transport chain across the inner membrane. Overall, one glucose yields about 36 - 38 ATP via the equation C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy.

  3. Photosynthesis: Light Reactions & Calvin Cycle -

    In plants, the light-dependent reactions in thylakoid membranes convert solar energy into ATP and NADPH, while the Calvin cycle in the stroma fixes CO₂ into sugar. The overall equation 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light → C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6 O₂ is easy to recall with "CO₂ plus H₂O plus light equals sugar and O₂!"

  4. Chemiosmosis & Proton Gradients -

    Peter Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory explains how a proton gradient across a membrane drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase - imagine protons rushing like water through a turbine. This proton motive force underpins both mitochondrial respiration and chloroplast photophosphorylation.

  5. Interdependence of Photosynthesis & Respiration -

    In chapter 7 biology you learn that the O₂ produced by photosynthesis fuels respiration, while CO₂ from respiration refuels photosynthesis, creating a balanced global cycle. Remember: "Plants breathe out what animals breathe in, and vice versa!"

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