Madrid is the political and cultural center of Spain and has been its capital since the 16th century. Its role as a major hub makes it a key reference point in Spanish geography.

Buenos Aires is the largest city as well as the capital of Argentina. It serves as the political, economic, and cultural hub of the nation.

Bogotá is the capital city of Colombia and serves as the country's political and administrative center. Its historical significance and cultural offerings also make it an important city.

Santiago is the capital and the largest city of Chile, acting as the central point for its political and economic activities. Its prominence in national history and culture reinforces its status as the capital.

Lima is the political and economic capital of Peru and the largest city in the country. Its historical and modern significance solidify its role as the central hub of Peru.

Seville is recognized as the capital of the Andalusian region in Spain. Its rich history and cultural traditions, including flamenco, make it a key center in southern Spain.

Valencia is the official capital of the Valencian Community, known for its festivals and historical importance. Its blend of modernity and tradition sets it apart as the regional hub.

Murcia is the official capital of the Region of Murcia and serves as its administrative center. Its status is well recognized in the southeastern part of Spain.

Vitoria-Gasteiz is the official capital of the Basque Country, even though Bilbao is larger and more well-known internationally. This decision reflects administrative considerations and historical context.

Zaragoza is the capital of Aragon and serves as its main administrative center. Its strategic location along the Ebro River adds to its historical and cultural significance.

Palma is the capital of the Balearic Islands, acting as the political and cultural center of the archipelago. Its historical architecture and vibrant lifestyle are key attractions.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife serves as the capital of its province within the Canary Islands. Its role is pivotal in the administrative framework of this unique archipelago.

Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay, making it the center for political, cultural, and economic activities. Its historical background and modern development highlight its importance.

Panama City is the capital of Panama and the country's primary hub for commerce and governance. Its strategic location near the Panama Canal has defined its historical and economic development.

Santo Domingo is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic. Its rich history and cultural heritage make it a central landmark in the Caribbean.

Madrid, Buenos Aires, and Bogotá are the capitals of Spain, Argentina, and Colombia respectively. Guadalajara, despite being a major city in Mexico, is not a national capital.

The Canary Islands are unique because they are divided into two provinces, each with its own capital. This dual structure reflects the geographic and administrative complexities of the archipelago.

Colombia's capital is Bogotá, making the pair correct. The other pairs are incorrect because Peru's capital is Lima, Mexico's capital is Mexico City, and Argentina's capital is Buenos Aires.

Vitoria-Gasteiz is the official capital of the Basque Country, even though Bilbao is more populous. This arrangement is based on administrative decisions influenced by historical factors.

Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, was renamed 'Ciudad Trujillo' during Rafael Trujillo's dictatorship. This renaming was part of the regime's efforts to consolidate power and leave its mark on history.