Are you ready to prove yourself with our functional groups quiz? This free, interactive organic chemistry functional groups quiz takes you from basic functional group quiz questions to advanced organic chem functional groups quiz challenges - spot alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, isomers and hydrocarbons with confidence. Whether you're looking for a quick organic functional groups quiz or in-depth functional group quiz practice, you'll sharpen your skills and conquer key concepts in minutes. Dive into our organic chemistry quiz and boost your mastery through targeted functional group practice . Start now and show what you know!
Which functional group is characterized by a carbonyl bonded to an - OH group?
Ester
Carboxylic acid
Ketone
Alcohol
A carboxylic acid contains a carbonyl (C=O) directly bonded to a hydroxyl group ( - OH). This distinguishes it from ketones and esters, which either lack the - OH or have different substituents. Carboxylic acids are acidic because the - OH proton can dissociate. More about carboxylic acids.
What functional group is present when a hydroxyl is attached to a saturated carbon?
Amine
Ether
Aldehyde
Alcohol
An alcohol has an - OH group attached to an sp³-hybridized (saturated) carbon. Aldehydes have a carbonyl with one hydrogen, ethers have an oxygen between two carbons, and amines have an - NH?, - NHR, or - NR? group. Learn more about alcohols.
Which functional group contains a carbon - nitrogen double bond?
Amide
Nitro
Nitrile
Imine
An imine has a C=N double bond formed by the reaction of an amine with a carbonyl compound. Amides feature a carbonyl directly bonded to nitrogen (C - CO - NH), nitriles have a C?N triple bond, and nitro groups are - NO?. More on imines.
Which of the following is an example of an alkane?
C2H6
C2H2
C2H5OH
C2H4
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. Ethane (C2H6) fits this formula. Ethene (C2H4) and ethyne (C2H2) are unsaturated (alkene and alkyne), and ethanol (C2H5OH) is an alcohol. More on alkanes.
What defines a phenol functional group?
Ether linked to a ring
Aromatic ring with an - OH group
Ketone on a ring
Aromatic amine
Phenols feature an - OH group directly bonded to an aromatic benzene ring. This bonding gives phenols unique acidity compared to aliphatic alcohols. Ketones, amines, and ethers have different connectivity to the ring. Understanding phenols.
Which functional group has the general formula R - O - R??
Alkane
Ether
Ester
Alcohol
An ether consists of an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups (R - O - R?). Esters have R - CO - O - R?, alcohols have R - OH, and alkanes lack oxygen entirely. More about ethers.
The functional group - COOR is known as what?
Carboxylic acid
Amide
Ether
Ester
Esters have the structure R - CO - O - R?, where a carbonyl is bonded to an OR? group. Ethers are R - O - R?, amides are R - CO - NH2 (or substituted), and carboxylic acids are R - CO - OH. Esters explained.
A molecule bearing the group R - SH is classified as which functional group?
Thioether
Thiol
Sulfide
Sulfone
Thiols (mercaptans) have an - SH group attached to carbon. Sulfides (thioethers) have R - S - R?, sulfones have R - SO2 - R?, and sulfoxides are R - SO - R?. Thiols are known for their strong odors. Learn about thiols.
Identify the functional group present in acetone.
Alcohol
Aldehyde
Ester
Ketone
Acetone (propanone) contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl groups, which defines a ketone. Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Esters and alcohols have different oxygen connectivities. Ketones overview.
How many structural isomers exist for C4H10?
2
5
4
3
Butane (C4H10) has two structural isomers: n-butane and isobutane (2-methylpropane). These differ in the connectivity of the carbon backbone. No other distinct structures satisfy C4H10 without rings. Isomer examples.
Which compound is the most acidic?
Phenol
Ethane
Ethanol
Benzene
Phenol is more acidic than ethanol, benzene, and ethane because the phenoxide ion is stabilized by resonance in the aromatic ring. Ethanol's conjugate base lacks this stabilization. Benzene and ethane are extremely weak acids. Acidity of phenol.
Which functional group is present in acetamide?
Amide
Ester
Carboxylic acid
Nitrile
Acetamide contains an amide group ( - CONH2). Amides have a carbonyl directly bonded to nitrogen. Esters have - COO - , acids have - COOH, and nitriles have - C?N. About amides.
Which functional group exhibits hydrogen bonding as a donor but not as an acceptor?
Alkene
Ether
Alkane
Amide
Amides can both donate and accept hydrogen bonds due to the N - H and C=O groups. However, in certain contexts the N - H acts primarily as a donor. Ethers and alkanes cannot donate hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding in amides.
Which functional group contains an - O - O - linkage?
Ether
Alcohol
Peroxide
Ester
Peroxides have an - O - O - bond, which is weaker than the usual C - O bonds and makes them reactive oxidizers. Ethers are R - O - R?, esters are R - CO - O - R?, and alcohols are R - OH. Peroxide chemistry.
Which functional group is indicated by the - C?N moiety?
Nitrile
Imine
Isocyanate
Azide
Nitriles feature a carbon - nitrogen triple bond ( - C?N). Isocyanates have - N=C=O, azides are - N?, and imines are C=N double bonds. About nitriles.
In carbohydrate chemistry, what is a hemiacetal functional group?
A carbon bonded to - OH and - OR
A carbon double bonded to oxygen
A carbon bonded to - NH2
A carbon bonded to two - OR groups
A hemiacetal forms when an alcohol adds to an aldehyde, giving a carbon bonded to - OH and - OR. Acetals have two - OR groups, ketones are C=O, and amines feature - NH2. Hemiacetal basics.
Which functional group in biochemistry is a thioester?
R - CO - S - R'
R - CO - O - R'
R - S - S - R'
R - CO - NH - R'
Thioesters have the structure R - CO - S - R?, where sulfur replaces the oxygen in esters. They are key intermediates in metabolism (e.g., acetyl-CoA). Esters are R - CO - O - R?, amides are R - CO - NH2, and disulfides are R - S - S - R?. Thioester function.
Which functional group is strongly stabilized by resonance in aromatic rings?
Alkane
Amine
Nitro
Alcohol
The nitro group ( - NO2) is highly stabilized by resonance with the aromatic ring, delocalizing charge. Amines are less resonance-stabilized, and alcohols and alkanes show no such delocalization. Resonance in nitroarenes.
A sharp IR absorption around 1700 cm?¹ most likely indicates which functional group?
Carbonyl (C=O)
Nitrile (C?N)
Alkene (C=C)
Hydroxyl (O - H)
A strong, sharp IR peak near 1700 cm?¹ is characteristic of the C=O stretch in carbonyl compounds like ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. O - H stretches appear broad around 3300 cm?¹, nitriles show ~2250 cm?¹, and alkenes ~1650 cm?¹. IR absorption guide.
Which functional group undergoes base-catalyzed saponification to form a carboxylate salt?
Amide
Ester
Ether
Alkane
Esters react with strong bases (like NaOH) in saponification, yielding a carboxylate salt and an alcohol. Amides require harsher conditions, ethers are inert, and alkanes do not react. Saponification explained.
Which reagent will oxidize a primary alcohol all the way to a carboxylic acid?
KMnO4
NaBH4
LiAlH4
PCC
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidizing agent that converts primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. PCC stops at the aldehyde stage, NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are reducing agents. Oxidation with KMnO4.
Which functional group has the highest priority in IUPAC nomenclature?
Alcohol
Alkene
Carboxylic acid
Aldehyde
In IUPAC naming, carboxylic acids have the highest priority and get suffix '-oic acid'. Aldehydes (), alcohols (), and alkenes () follow in decreasing order of priority. Functional group priority.
Which functional group cannot be directly used to prepare a Grignard reagent due to an acidic hydrogen?
Alkane
Ether
Alcohol
Ketone
Grignard reagents (RMgX) are destroyed by acidic protons. Alcohols have an OH proton which reacts with RMgX, preventing its formation. Ketones, alkanes, and ethers lack such an acidic hydrogen. Grignard reagent preparation.
When a nitrile is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, the major product formed is:
Ketone
Carboxylic acid
Amine
Amide
Acidic hydrolysis of nitriles proceeds through an amide intermediate and ultimately gives a carboxylic acid. Under strong acid and heat, the reaction goes to completion. Nitrile hydrolysis.
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Study Outcomes
Identify Functional Groups -
Use the functional groups quiz to recognize the structure and defining features of key organic groups such as alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids.
Analyze Molecular Structures -
Examine chemical formulas and diagrams to pinpoint functional groups within complex molecules and understand their roles in reactivity.
Differentiate Structural Isomers -
Distinguish between constitutional isomers by comparing how identical atoms connect to form different functional group arrangements.
Classify Organic Compounds -
Categorize hydrocarbons and functionalized molecules based on their functional groups, enhancing your ability to name and predict properties.
Apply Quiz Feedback -
Leverage instant quiz responses to correct misunderstandings and reinforce accurate identification of organic functional groups.
Track Learning Progress -
Monitor your score improvements over time to build confidence and guide further study in organic chemistry.
Cheat Sheet
Core Functional Group Families -
Review key organic chemistry functional groups - alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, and esters - by focusing on their defining bonds (e.g., C - O, C=O, N - H). Structures from MIT OpenCourseWare show that classifying by family helps in any functional groups quiz for quick identification. Visualize each group's general formula (R - OH, R - COOH) to cement recognition.
Structural vs. Stereoisomers -
Distinguish structural isomers (same formula, different connectivity) from stereoisomers (same connectivity, different spatial arrangement) as outlined by the University of California, Berkeley Chemistry Department. Drawing both Fischer and Newman projections can clarify chiral centers and E/Z configurations. Practice by sketching C₄H₀O isomers to master this concept for your functional group quiz.
Reactivity Trends & Polarity -
Understand how electronegativity differences set the stage for reactivity: alcohols are more polar than ethers, and carboxylic acids are stronger acids than phenols. According to IUPAC guidelines, ranking functional groups by acidity (pKa) or nucleophilicity helps predict reaction pathways. Use simple reaction arrows (nucleophile attacks C=O) to test your knowledge in every organic chem functional groups quiz.
IUPAC Nomenclature Essentials -
Master the rules for naming organic functional groups - identify the parent chain, prioritize highest-order groups (carboxylic acids > aldehydes > alcohols), and apply proper suffixes. The Royal Society of Chemistry resources recommend numbering chains to give substituents the lowest possible locants. Regularly write names for compounds like 3-methylbutan-1-ol to build speed for the functional group quiz.
Mnemonics & Memory Tricks -
Boost retention with catchy phrases: "OH my alcohols, CO my acids!" helps recall - OH vs - COOH groups, while "Am I in amine?" flags the - NH₂ moiety. The University of Oxford's chemistry outreach suggests color-coding flashcards by group polarity for visual reinforcement. Incorporate these mnemonics before your next organic functional groups quiz to boost confidence and recall.
