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Quizzes > High School Quizzes > Electives

Psy 101 Exam 1 Practice Quiz

Ace your psychology exam with a practice test

Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Other
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Colorful paper art promoting Ace Psych 101 Exam, an interactive trivia quiz for psychology students.

Easy
What does the field of psychology primarily study?
Economic trends
Astronomical phenomena
Chemical reactions in laboratory experiments
Behaviors and mental processes
Psychology is focused on understanding behaviors and mental processes. This approach helps in analyzing how individuals think, feel, and act.
Who is considered the father of experimental psychology?
Jean Piaget
Wilhelm Wundt
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt is recognized for establishing the first psychology laboratory, marking the beginning of experimental psychology. His work laid the foundation for modern experimental methods in the field.
Which perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental states?
Behaviorism
Humanistic psychology
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive psychology
Behaviorism emphasizes the study of observable behaviors while minimizing internal mental processes. This perspective is essential for understanding measurable actions in psychological research.
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To change the independent variable
To serve as a baseline for comparison
To receive the experimental treatment
To manipulate participant selection
A control group provides a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental manipulation. This comparison is essential for establishing valid cause-and-effect relationships in experiments.
Which research method involves the in-depth study of a single individual or group?
Naturalistic observation
Case study
Experiment
Survey
A case study is a research method that entails an in-depth investigation of an individual or small group. This approach allows researchers to gather detailed qualitative insights that might be missed with other methods.
Medium
What is the main difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Both involve punishment only
Classical conditioning associates stimuli while operant conditioning associates behavior with consequences
Operant conditioning does not involve reinforcement
Classical conditioning focuses on voluntary behavior
Classical conditioning involves pairing two stimuli to elicit a response, whereas operant conditioning links behavior with its consequences. This distinction is fundamental to understanding different learning processes.
Which research design best determines cause-and-effect relationships?
Correlational study
Case study
Survey research
Experimental design
Experimental design allows researchers to manipulate an independent variable and observe its effect on a dependent variable. This method is ideal for establishing cause-and-effect relationships while controlling extraneous factors.
In psychological research, what does the term 'independent variable' refer to?
The variable that is measured
The variable manipulated by the researcher
A variable that is kept constant
The outcome variable
The independent variable is the one that the researcher actively manipulates in an experiment. It is considered the causal factor whose impact is measured against the dependent variable.
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the brain?
Regulating heart rate
Processing visual information
Coordinating movement
Forming and retrieving memories
The hippocampus is crucial for the formation and retrieval of memories. Damage to this area can result in severe impairments in memory function.
Which psychological perspective emphasizes internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language?
Cognitive psychology
Biopsychology
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding internal mental processes like memory, language, and problem solving. This perspective provides insight into how people perceive, process, and store information.
What does the term 'cognitive dissonance' describe?
Mental discomfort from holding two conflicting beliefs
Enhanced cognitive performance
A type of memory impairment
An attention deficit disorder
Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when an individual holds two conflicting beliefs or values. This phenomenon often motivates people to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce the dissonance.
Which method is most appropriate for collecting data on natural behaviors in a real-world setting?
Naturalistic observation
Laboratory experiment
Structured interview
Survey
Naturalistic observation involves studying subjects in their usual environments without interference. This method is valuable for obtaining data on behavior as it naturally occurs.
What is meant by the term 'neuroplasticity'?
A method to measure brain activity
A type of neuron found in the cerebral cortex
The fixed structure of the mature brain
The brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience
Neuroplasticity describes the brain's capability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This adaptability is essential for learning, memory, and recovery from brain injuries.
Which measure of central tendency is calculated by adding all scores and dividing by the number of scores?
Range
Mode
Median
Mean
The mean is obtained by summing all values and dividing by the total number of values. It is one of the most common statistical methods used to determine the central tendency of a dataset.
Which concept explains the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
Cognitive dissonance
Confirmation bias
Self-serving bias
Self-serving bias is the tendency to credit oneself for successes while attributing failures to external circumstances. This bias helps maintain self-esteem but can distort self-perception and assessment of events.
Hard
How might a researcher ethically balance the need for valid experimental design with the protection of participants' rights in a study on stress responses?
By not informing participants of the study's purpose to prevent bias
By using informed consent, debriefing participants, and employing non-harmful stressors
By avoiding any manipulation of stress and only observing naturally occurring events
By exclusively focusing on physiological measures without considering psychological implications
Ethical research practices require obtaining informed consent and providing a thorough debriefing after participation. Utilizing non-harmful stressors allows for valid experimental design while ensuring participant well-being.
In a longitudinal study examining cognitive decline, which threat to internal validity is most concerning?
Maturation
Cross-sectional sampling
Placebo effects
Experimenter bias
Maturation refers to the natural developmental changes that occur over time, which can affect outcomes in a longitudinal study. This threat is particularly significant in studies examining cognitive decline as aging itself can influence the results.
How does the diathesis-stress model explain the development of psychological disorders?
It asserts that disorders develop only after severe traumatic events
It suggests that disorders arise from a predisposition combined with environmental stressors
It indicates that social pressures are the only determinant of mental illness
It claims that psychological disorders are solely the result of genetic factors
The diathesis-stress model posits that a pre-existing vulnerability (diathesis) interacts with environmental stress to produce psychological disorders. This integrated approach highlights the roles of both genetic predisposition and life stressors in mental health.
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of ecological validity in research?
Conducting experiments in natural settings where behavior normally occurs
Using randomized samples in a laboratory environment
Implementing blind procedures to avoid bias
Controlling every variable in a lab setup
Ecological validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized to real-life settings. Conducting studies in natural environments enhances the applicability of the results to everyday situations.
What is a potential limitation of using self-report measures in psychological research?
They provide direct observation of behavior
Participants may respond with socially desirable answers rather than truthful ones
They always require complex statistical techniques
They eliminate the possibility of any bias
Self-report measures are susceptible to biases, especially the tendency of participants to provide socially desirable responses. This can compromise the accuracy of the data and affect the validity of the study's conclusions.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand foundational psychological theories and concepts.
  2. Analyze empirical research and experimental data in psychology.
  3. Apply psychological principles to hypothetical scenarios.
  4. Evaluate common test questions to identify strengths and weaknesses.
  5. Demonstrate readiness for exams through interactive practice and self-assessment.

Psych 101 Exam 1 Review Cheat Sheet

  1. Scientific Method - Psychology relies on the scientific method with hypotheses, experiments, and data crunching to draw solid conclusions. This step-by-step process keeps research objective, unbiased, and repeatable. CLEP Psychology Study Resources
  2. Major Psychological Approaches - Explore six must-know perspectives: biological, behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, humanistic, and sociocultural. Each lens offers unique insights into why we think, feel, and act the way we do. Knowunity Psychology 101 Notes
  3. Classical Conditioning - Learn how a neutral cue can trigger a response when paired repeatedly with a meaningful stimulus, like Pavlov's ringing bell and drooling dogs. It shows how automatic behaviors form over time. Helpful Professor Intro to Classical Conditioning
  4. Operant Conditioning - Discover how behaviors shape up or fade away based on rewards and punishments, thanks to B.F. Skinner's experiments with pigeons and rats. It's all about consequences! Helpful Professor Operant Conditioning Guide
  5. Attachment Theory - Unpack the bond between infants and caregivers, from secure to avoidant or anxious styles, and see how early relationships influence lifelong connections. It's the heart of human bonding. Helpful Professor Attachment Theory Overview
  6. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Climb the pyramid from food and shelter up to self-actualization, where you chase dreams and personal growth. Lower needs must be met before you can reach your full potential. Helpful Professor on Maslow's Hierarchy
  7. Cognitive Biases - Spot those mental shortcuts like confirmation bias and the availability heuristic that skew our judgment and decision-making. Being aware helps you think more clearly and make smarter choices. Helpful Professor Cognitive Biases Breakdown
  8. Social Identity Theory - See how we sort ourselves into "us" versus "them" groups, boosting self-esteem but sometimes fueling intergroup conflict. It's about in-groups, out-groups, and the power of belonging. Student-Notes Social Identity Theory
  9. Self-Fulfilling Prophecies - Discover how your expectations can reshape reality - think teacher predictions boosting student performance or stereotypes that come true. Our beliefs often script our outcomes. Student-Notes on Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
  10. Cognitive Dissonance - Feel the mental tug-of-war when actions clash with beliefs, like knowing smoking is bad but lighting up anyway. To ease the discomfort, your mind might change attitudes or justify choices. Student-Notes Cognitive Dissonance Explained
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