This answer is correct because it encompasses all fundamental principles of cell theory. Each statement is a core tenet, making the collective option the most complete answer.

Rudolf Virchow introduced the concept that all cells arise from existing cells, a significant advancement in understanding cell reproduction. This idea established continuity in cellular life.

Cells are recognized as the fundamental units of life because they are the smallest structures capable of performing all life processes. This concept forms a cornerstone of cell theory.

All living organisms are composed of cells, which is a fundamental aspect of cell theory. The other options are not universal features across different life forms.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from eukaryotic cells. This trait is one of the key differences highlighted by cell theory.

Cellular division is the process where a single cell divides to form two or more cells, ensuring growth and tissue repair. This process is a fundamental mechanism in maintaining life.

Mitosis is the process of cellular division in eukaryotic cells that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It is essential for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

A core tenet of cell theory is that new cells arise only from the division of pre-existing cells. This principle dismisses the outdated idea of spontaneous generation.

Cell theory provides a universal framework that applies to all living organisms, highlighting their common cellular basis. This unity is fundamental in understanding diverse biological processes.

Cells maintain a stable internal environment by selectively transporting molecules and regulating metabolic activities. These processes are vital for cell survival and proper functioning.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration. Their function is critical for meeting the energy requirements of eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria, which are present in eukaryotic cells. This is a fundamental distinction underscored by cell theory.

The cell is considered the basic unit of life because it is the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes. This definition is a central principle in cell theory.

Ribosomes are responsible for translating genetic information into proteins by assembling amino acids. This process is crucial for cell growth, repair, and maintenance.

DNA replication is the mechanism by which a cell copies its genetic material before division. This process guarantees that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.

Stem cell research has revealed that cells have the capacity to differentiate into multiple specialized types. This finding deepens our understanding of cellular potential and development within the framework of cell theory.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, aids in cell movement, and assists with the transportation of materials within the cell. These roles are essential for maintaining the cell's integrity and proper functioning.

Errors in DNA replication can result in mutations that disrupt normal protein synthesis. Such mutations may compromise cell function and lead to various diseases over time.

Apoptosis is a controlled process that eliminates damaged or superfluous cells, ensuring healthy development and maintaining tissue homeostasis. This mechanism perfectly complements the principles of cell theory by reinforcing the balance within cellular populations.

The endosymbiotic theory proposes that key organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. This insight supports the evolutionary aspect of cell theory by illustrating how complex cells evolved from simpler ones.