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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Nutrition & Fitness

Which Nutrient Class Includes Sugars and Glycogen? Take the Quiz!

Ready to master carbohydrate vocabulary? Take our carb nutrient class quiz now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Colorful paper art illustration promoting a free carbohydrate quiz on a coral background

Ready to dive into the world of complex energy sources? Our free quiz is designed to reveal which nutrient class includes sugars and glycogen, helping you master key terms from the carbohydrate vocabulary quiz and test your nutrition carbohydrates quiz know-how. Whether you've been curious about the sugars and glycogen nutrient class or want to challenge yourself with an essential nutrient class quiz, this interactive experience will sharpen your understanding of vital carbs. Follow these questions about carbohydrates as a warm-up, then jump into our fun carbohydrates quiz . Ready to prove your expertise? Click through and take the quiz now!

Which nutrient class includes sugars and glycogen?
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Proteins
Lipids
Sugars like glucose and fructose, as well as glycogen which is a polymer of glucose, are all carbohydrates. Carbohydrates serve as the body's primary energy source. They are classified based on their chemical structure into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. For more on carbohydrate classification see Britannica.
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Sucrose
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates consisting of single sugar units. Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide and a key energy source. Sucrose (a disaccharide), starch, and cellulose (polysaccharides) are made of multiple monosaccharide units. Learn more about monosaccharides on NCBI.
Glycogen is primarily stored in which organ in humans?
Brain
Heart
Liver
Fat tissue
The liver is the main site of glycogen storage, helping to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting. Muscle tissue also stores glycogen, but the liver's stores are crucial for systemic glucose regulation. The brain relies on blood glucose rather than stored glycogen. For glycogen metabolism details see NCBI.
Which polysaccharide serves as the primary energy storage molecule in animals?
Lignin
Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen is the principal storage form of glucose in animals, found mainly in the liver and muscles. Starch functions similarly in plants, while cellulose provides structural support. Lignin is a complex polymer in plant cell walls unrelated to energy storage. More on glycogen structure at Britannica.
Sucrose is composed of which two monosaccharides?
Glucose and Mannose
Glucose and Galactose
Fructose and Galactose
Glucose and Fructose
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by linking glucose and fructose via an ?-1,2 glycosidic bond. Glucose and galactose form lactose, while glucose and mannose do not commonly form dietary disaccharides. Fructose and galactose are not linked in sucrose. Reference: NCBI.
Which nutrient class is the body's primary source of quick energy?
Proteins
Vitamins
Fats
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are rapidly metabolized to glucose, providing immediate energy to cells. Proteins and fats are secondary energy sources, and vitamins serve as coenzymes. Quick energy needs are met by simple sugars and glycogen reserves. For more see Healthline.
Which enzyme initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
Amylase
Lactase
Pepsin
Lipase
Salivary amylase begins the breakdown of starch into smaller carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin digests proteins in the stomach, lipase targets fats in the small intestine, and lactase splits lactose in the small intestine. The action of salivary amylase is essential for initial carbohydrate digestion. More information at Colorado State University.
What type of glycosidic linkages are predominantly found in glycogen?
?-1,4 and ?-1,6
?-1,4 and ?-1,6
?-1,2 and ?-1,4
?-1,4 and ?-1,6
Glycogen has a backbone of glucose units linked by ?-1,4 glycosidic bonds with branching at ?-1,6 linkages. The ?-1,6 bonds occur approximately every 8 - 12 residues, creating a highly branched structure. This branching enhances solubility and rapid glucose release. Additional details at NCBI.
Which of the following is classified as dietary fiber?
Cellulose
Glycogen
Sucrose
Maltose
Cellulose is an indigestible polysaccharide that serves as dietary fiber in humans. Glycogen, sucrose, and maltose are digestible carbohydrates and not classified as fiber. Dietary fiber aids digestive health by promoting bowel regularity. For more information see EatRight.
Which disaccharide is considered a reducing sugar?
Sucrose
Maltose
Cellulose
Starch
Maltose has a free anomeric carbon on one glucose residue, making it a reducing sugar. Sucrose's anomeric carbons are engaged in its glycosidic bond, rendering it non-reducing. Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides and not classified as disaccharides. For more information see NCBI.
What is the primary role of glycogen in muscle cells?
Structural support
Provide a glucose reserve for rapid energy production
Fat storage
Hormonal signaling
In muscle cells, glycogen stores glucose units that can be quickly mobilized during exercise. This rapid glucose release supports high rates of ATP production via glycolysis. Glycogen's branched structure enables efficient breakdown when energy demand increases. Details at NCBI.
Which chemical formula represents a hexose sugar?
C12H22O11
C3H6O3
C5H10O5
C6H12O6
A hexose sugar has six carbons; its general formula is C6H12O6, as seen in glucose and fructose. C5H10O5 describes pentoses like ribose. C12H22O11 represents disaccharides such as sucrose. C3H6O3 corresponds to triose glyceraldehyde. More at Britannica.
Glycogen synthesis primarily occurs in which cellular compartment?
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytosol
Nucleus
Glycogen synthesis takes place in the cytosol, where glycogen synthase and branching enzymes are located. Mitochondria handle ATP production and other metabolic processes. The nucleus stores genetic material, while the ER is involved with protein and lipid synthesis. For more on this process see NCBI.
Lactose intolerance results from a deficiency in which class of enzymes?
Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes
Lipolytic enzymes
Nucleases
Proteolytic enzymes
Lactose intolerance is due to insufficient lactase, a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme that splits lactose into glucose and galactose. Proteolytic enzymes target proteins, lipolytic enzymes target fats, and nucleases degrade nucleic acids. This deficiency leads to gastrointestinal symptoms after dairy consumption. More information at Mayo Clinic.
Which enzyme introduces branching into the glycogen molecule during its synthesis?
Debranching enzyme
Glycogen phosphorylase
Branching enzyme (glycogen ?-1,4 to ?-1,6 transglycosylase)
Glycogen synthase
The branching enzyme, also known as glycogen ?-4,6 transglycosylase, transfers segments of ?-1,4-linked glucose units to a C6 hydroxyl, forming an ?-1,6 branch. Glycogen synthase extends the ?-1,4 chains, while debranching enzyme removes branches in glycogen degradation. Glycogen phosphorylase cleaves ?-1,4 bonds during glycogenolysis. Read more at NCBI.
Which transporter is responsible for fructose absorption in the small intestine?
GLUT4
GLUT2
GLUT5
SGLT1
Fructose is absorbed by the facilitative transporter GLUT5 in the small intestine. SGLT1 cotransports glucose and galactose. GLUT2 functions in basolateral transport of monosaccharides, whereas GLUT4 is insulin-responsive in muscle and adipose tissue. Details at NCBI.
Which process converts glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate during fasting?
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis is the pathway that cleaves glucose residues from glycogen as glucose-1-phosphate. Glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen, gluconeogenesis generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, and glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate. For more details see Britannica.
How do cellulose and glycogen differ structurally?
Cellulose has ?-1,4 bonds; glycogen has ?-1,4 and ?-1,6 bonds
Glycogen has ?-1,4 bonds; cellulose has ?-1,4 bonds
Cellulose has ?-1,6 bonds; glycogen has ?-1,4 bonds
Both have ?-1,4 bonds but differ in branching
Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose linked by ?-1,4 glycosidic bonds, making it indigestible by human enzymes. Glycogen contains ?-1,4 bonds with ?-1,6 branches, allowing rapid enzymatic breakdown. This branching provides a compact, soluble storage form in animals. Learn more at Britannica.
Which carbohydrate is indigestible by human enzymes?
Sucrose
Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch
Cellulose consists of ?-1,4-linked glucose units that human digestive enzymes cannot hydrolyze. Starch and glycogen have ? linkages that are digested by amylases. Sucrose is broken down by sucrase into glucose and fructose. Further reading: NCBI.
What does the HMP shunt pathway primarily produce besides NADPH?
Ribose-5-phosphate
Acetyl-CoA
Alanine
Pyruvate
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway, generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, alanine is an amino acid, and acetyl-CoA is produced in pyruvate oxidation. For more see NCBI.
Which hormonal change stimulates hepatic glycogen phosphorylase activity?
Increase in insulin
Decrease in cortisol
Increase in glucagon
Increase in leptin
Glucagon binds to liver cell receptors, activating a cascade that increases cyclic AMP and activates protein kinase A. This leads to phosphorylation and activation of glycogen phosphorylase, which breaks down glycogen. Insulin, conversely, promotes glycogen synthesis. More at NCBI.
Which of the following includes all forms of dietary carbohydrates?
Only disaccharides and trisaccharides
Only polysaccharides
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
Only monosaccharides and polysaccharides
Dietary carbohydrates encompass monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), oligosaccharides (e.g., raffinose), and polysaccharides (e.g., starch). This classification covers all digestible and non-digestible carbohydrate forms in the diet. Oligosaccharides contain 3 - 10 sugar units, while polysaccharides have many more. For details see Britannica.
In the cyclic form of glucose, which carbon becomes the anomeric carbon forming the hemiacetal linkage?
Carbon 1
Carbon 5
Carbon 6
Carbon 2
In glucose's cyclic hemiacetal formation, the hydroxyl on carbon 5 attacks the aldehyde at carbon 1, creating a ring and establishing carbon 1 as the anomeric center. This carbon determines the ? or ? configuration of the sugar. Carbons 2, 5, and 6 are not the anomeric carbon. Further reading: NCBI.
Which amino acid residue on glycogenin serves as the primer attachment site during glycogen synthesis?
Tyrosine
Lysine
Threonine
Serine
Glycogenin initiates glycogen synthesis by autoglucosylation of a tyrosine residue, forming a short glucose chain to prime glycogen synthase. Serine and threonine can be O-glycosylated in other proteins but not by glycogenin. Lysine is not involved in this reaction. See Nature for details.
Which glycolytic enzyme is allosterically inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate?
Glucokinase
Pyruvate kinase
Phosphofructokinase-1
Hexokinase
Hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, is inhibited by its product, G6P, in most tissues. Phosphofructokinase-1 is regulated by AMP and citrate, pyruvate kinase by ATP and alanine, and glucokinase in the liver is not inhibited by G6P. For more see NCBI.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Nutrient Class -

    Use quiz prompts to pinpoint which nutrient class includes sugars and glycogen and understand why it falls under carbohydrates.

  2. Differentiate Carbohydrate Types -

    Distinguish between simple sugars and complex molecules like glycogen by their structure and dietary sources.

  3. Master Carbohydrate Vocabulary -

    Recall and define essential terms from the carbohydrate vocabulary quiz to boost your nutrition literacy.

  4. Analyze Carbohydrate Functions -

    Explain key roles that sugars and glycogen play in energy storage and metabolism within the body.

  5. Apply Classification Skills -

    Categorize common foods based on their carbohydrate content and identify which contain sugars or glycogen.

  6. Evaluate Dietary Importance -

    Assess the significance of carbohydrates in a balanced diet and how sugars and glycogen impact health and performance.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Nutrient Class Identification -

    All sugars and glycogen fall under the carbohydrate nutrient class, which is one of the six essential nutrient groups. Chemically, carbs follow the general formula Cₙ(H₂O)ₙ, showing they are hydrated carbons. This classification is confirmed by institutions like the NIH and WHO.

  2. Simple Carbohydrates (Sugars) -

    Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) and disaccharides (sucrose = glucose + fructose) are known as simple sugars. A quick mnemonic is "Mono = one sugar, Di = two sugars" to remember these basic units. Disaccharide hydrolysis: C₝₂H₂₂O₝₝ + H₂O → 2 C₆H₝₂O₆.

  3. Polysaccharides: Glycogen vs. Starch -

    Glycogen, the animal storage form of glucose, is a highly branched polysaccharide with α-1,4 and α-1,6 bonds, unlike plant starch. Its rapid mobilization in liver and muscle makes it critical for blood sugar regulation during exercise. This structure - function relationship is detailed in biochemistry texts like Lehninger's Principles.

  4. Energy Yield and Metabolism -

    Carbs provide ~4 kcal per gram and are the body's preferred fuel for high-intensity activity. During glycolysis, one glucose molecule yields a net gain of 2 ATP (and up to 38 ATP in aerobic conditions): C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP. This cycle is well documented by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

  5. Digestion and Absorption -

    Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase and continues in the small intestine with pancreatic α-amylase and brush-border enzymes. Final monosaccharides are absorbed via SGLT1 into enterocytes and then enter the bloodstream. Remember "ose" means sugar - key for mastering your carbohydrate vocabulary quiz.

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