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Quizzes > Science > Chemistry

Can You Identify Protons, Neutrons & Electrons in These Ions?

Ready to spot sulfur's most common ion or titanium's proton count? Take the quiz now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art ion diagram showing nucleus with 26 protons, orbiting 24 electrons on golden yellow background quiz prompt

Ready to level up your chemistry chops? Our "Which Ion Contains 26 Protons & 24 Electrons?" quiz invites enthusiasts to test key concepts - from pinpointing the ion that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons to contrasting it with the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons. You'll also discover why titanium has how many protons, calculate the number of neutrons for titanium, and identify the most common ion of sulfur. Need a quick refresher? Browse our periodic table with ions or review protons neutrons electrons practice worksheet answers for a boost. This challenge will sharpen your skills and prep you for exams. Jump in now to uncover your ion IQ - good luck, and may your electron counts be ever accurate!

Which ion contains 26 protons and 24 electrons?
Mn2+
Fe2+
Ni2+
Fe3+
An ion's number of protons is its atomic number, which for iron is 26. If it has 24 electrons, it has lost two electrons, giving a charge of +2, so it is written Fe2+. Fe3+ would have only 23 electrons, and Ni2+ corresponds to 28 protons and 26 electrons. Source
What is the net charge on an ion with 26 protons and 24 electrons?
+2
+1
0
-2
The net charge equals the difference between protons and electrons. With 26 protons and 24 electrons, there is a deficit of two electrons, yielding a +2 charge. A negative or neutral charge does not correspond to this electron count. Source
What is the atomic number of iron?
28
30
24
26
The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in the nucleus. Iron has 26 protons, so its atomic number is 26. This value is unique to iron and distinguishes it from other elements. Source
How many electrons does a neutral iron atom have?
26
24
28
22
A neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons. Since iron has 26 protons, a neutral iron atom has 26 electrons. Any difference would result in an ion. Source
Which chemical symbol represents iron?
I
Fe
In
Ir
The symbol for iron comes from its Latin name 'ferrum,' hence Fe. Ir stands for iridium, In for indium, and I for iodine. This symbol is standardized by IUPAC. Source
If an atom has more protons than electrons, it is called:
Isotope
Radical
Anion
Cation
A species with more protons than electrons carries a positive charge and is known as a cation. An anion has more electrons than protons. Isotopes differ in neutron number, and radicals have unpaired electrons. Source
Which particle has a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons?
Alpha particle
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Electrons have a mass approximately 1/1836 that of a proton or neutron, making their mass negligible in atomic mass calculations. Protons and neutrons contribute most of the atom's mass. Source
If an atom loses two electrons, what is its overall charge?
-2
+2
0
+1
When an atom loses two electrons, it loses two negative charges, resulting in a net +2 charge. Losing electrons always produces a positive charge equal to the number lost. Source
How many electrons are in the ion Fe3+?
26
22
23
24
Fe3+ has lost three electrons from the neutral atom's 26, leaving 23 electrons. Fe2+ would have 24 electrons, and a neutral iron atom has 26 electrons. Source
What type of bond is formed between oppositely charged ions?
Hydrogen bond
Metallic bond
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Ionic bonds form when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other. Covalent bonds share electrons, metallic bonds involve electron pooling, and hydrogen bonds are weak attractions involving hydrogen. Source
Which of these species has a -2 charge?
O2-
Cl-
Na+
Mg2+
The oxide ion (O2-) carries two extra electrons, giving it a -2 charge. Chloride (Cl-) has a -1 charge, sodium (Na+) has +1, and magnesium (Mg2+) has +2. Source
Which term refers to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
Ions
Radicals
Allotropes
Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Ions differ in electrons, allotropes are different structural forms of an element, and radicals have unpaired electrons. Source
The mass number of the most common iron isotope is:
57
58
56
54
The most abundant isotope of iron is iron-56, which has 26 protons and 30 neutrons, giving a mass number of 56. Other isotopes like 54 and 58 are less common. Source
How many neutrons are in an iron-56 nucleus?
26
30
28
56
The number of neutrons equals mass number minus atomic number: 56 - 26 = 30. Therefore, iron-56 has 30 neutrons. Source
What is the electron configuration of Fe2+?
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Ar] 3d4 4s2
[Ar] 3d6
[Ar] 4s2 3d4
A neutral iron atom is [Ar] 4s2 3d6. When it loses two electrons to form Fe2+, the 4s electrons are removed first, giving [Ar] 3d6. This is standard for transition metals. Source
Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with Fe2+?
Co
Ni
Mn
Cr
Isoelectronic species have the same number of electrons. Fe2+ has 24 electrons, the same as neutral chromium (atomic number 24). Mn has 25, Co has 27, and Ni has 28. Source
Which monovalent cation is isoelectronic with an argon atom?
Na+
Ca2+
K+
Cl-
Argon has 18 electrons. A monovalent cation loses one electron from its neutral count: K+ starts with 19 and loses one, yielding 18. Ca2+ is divalent, and Na+ has only 10 electrons. Source
What is the oxidation state of iron in Fe2O3?
+2
+3
+1
+6
In Fe2O3, each oxygen has a -2 charge for a total of -6. To balance, each iron must be +3 (2 × +3 = +6). This is a common oxidation state for iron in iron(III) compounds. Source
How many electrons are removed from the 3d subshell when forming Fe3+ from a neutral iron atom?
3
0
1
2
When iron forms Fe3+, it loses two 4s electrons first and then one 3d electron, removing one electron from the 3d subshell. This gives the d5 configuration of Fe3+. Source
What is the oxidation state of iron in the complex [Fe(CN)6]4-?
+4
+2
+3
0
Each cyanide ligand has a -1 charge (6 × -1 = -6). The overall charge is -4, so iron must be +2 (+2 + -6 = -4). This complex is called ferrocyanide. Source
Which iron ion is paramagnetic due to five unpaired electrons?
Fe0
Fe4+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Fe3+ has a 3d5 configuration, which in a high-spin state yields five unpaired electrons, making it strongly paramagnetic. Fe2+ (3d6) has four unpaired electrons in high-spin. Source
How many valence electrons does Fe2+ have?
2
8
6
26
Valence electrons for transition metals are those in the d and s orbitals of the outer shell. Fe2+ has a configuration of [Ar] 3d6, giving six valence electrons. Source
In which block of the periodic table is iron located?
s-block
p-block
f-block
d-block
Iron is a transition metal and belongs to the d-block of the periodic table, where the d orbitals are being filled. s-block contains alkali and alkaline earth metals. Source
In which period of the periodic table can iron be found?
6
5
4
3
Iron has electrons in shells up to the fourth principal energy level, placing it in period 4 on the periodic table. Source
To which group does iron belong?
2
10
8
6
Iron is in group 8 of the periodic table, along with ruthenium and osmium. The group number corresponds to the column. Source
What is the chemical formula for iron(II) sulfate?
FeSO4
Fe2SO4
FeSO3
Fe2(SO4)3
Iron(II) indicates a +2 charge on iron, and sulfate has a -2 charge, so FeSO4 is the neutral salt. Fe2(SO4)3 is iron(III) sulfate. Source
What is the chemical formula for iron(III) oxide?
Fe2O3
Fe3O4
FeO3
FeO
Iron(III) oxide has iron in the +3 oxidation state and oxygen in -2, so two irons (+6) balance three oxygens (-6) to give Fe2O3. Source
What is the chemical formula for iron(II) chloride?
Fe2Cl
FeCl2
FeCl3
Fe2Cl3
Fe2+ (iron II) and Cl- combine in a 1:2 ratio to form FeCl2. FeCl3 contains iron in the +3 state. Source
What is the chemical formula for iron(III) chloride?
FeCl3
Fe2Cl3
FeCl2
FeCl
Iron(III) is Fe3+ and chloride is Cl-. Three Cl- ions are needed to balance one Fe3+, giving FeCl3. Source
Which of the following is not a stable iron oxide?
FeO
Fe3O4
Fe2O3
FeO3
FeO, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 are well-known stable oxides of iron (wüstite, hematite, and magnetite). FeO3 does not exist as a stable compound. Source
Which ligand would produce a low-spin Fe2+ complex in an octahedral field?
Cl-
H2O
CN-
F-
Cyanide is a strong-field ligand and causes large splitting of the d orbitals, leading to pairing of electrons and a low-spin configuration for Fe2+. H2O, F-, and Cl- are weaker field ligands and usually yield high-spin complexes. Source
Which ligand would produce a high-spin Fe2+ complex in an octahedral field?
NH3
CN-
H2O
CO
Water is a weak-field ligand and does not cause significant splitting of the d orbitals, so Fe2+ remains high-spin in an octahedral complex with H2O. CN- and CO are strong-field ligands that often produce low-spin states. Source
Which iron species is most likely to form a stable chelate with EDTA?
Fe3+
Fe2+
Fe0
Fe+
Fe3+ has a higher positive charge and smaller ionic radius than Fe2+, which increases its Lewis acidity and affinity for the six donor atoms in EDTA, forming a very stable hexadentate complex. Source
What is the formula of the ferrocyanide ion?
[Fe(CN)6]4-
[Fe(CN)6]3-
[Fe(CN)5]3-
[Fe(CN)6]2-
Ferrocyanide is [Fe(CN)6]4-, where iron is in the +2 oxidation state and each CN- contributes a -1 charge (6 × -1 = -6; +2 ? 6 = -4). [Fe(CN)6]3- is ferricyanide with Fe3+. Source
What is the charge on the ferricyanide ion [Fe(CN)6]3-?
0
+1
-3
-4
Ferricyanide has Fe in the +3 state and six CN- ligands (-6 total), so the overall charge is +3 ? 6 = -3. Source
What is the oxidation state of iron in [Fe(CN)6]3-?
+6
0
+3
+2
In ferricyanide [Fe(CN)6]3-, each CN- is -1 (6 × -1 = -6) and the overall charge is -3, so Fe must be +3 to balance (-3 = +3 - 6). Source
How many electrons are donated by six CN- ligands in [Fe(CN)6]4-?
24
18
6
12
Each CN- ligand donates two electrons to the metal center, so six ligands donate 6 × 2 = 12 electrons. Source
What is the magnetic moment (in Bohr magnetons) of a high-spin Fe3+ ion?
5.92
2.83
4.90
0
High-spin Fe3+ has five unpaired electrons (d5), giving ? = ?(n(n+2)) = ?(5×7) ? 5.92 B.M. Source
Which ion has a larger ionic radius: Fe2+ (78 pm) or Co2+ (74.5 pm)?
Depends on coordination
Fe2+
They are equal
Co2+
Ionic radius decreases with increasing nuclear charge for ions with the same electron configuration. Fe2+ (Z=26) is larger than Co2+ (Z=27) for the same number of electrons. Source
How many unpaired electrons does high-spin Fe2+ (d6) have?
6
4
2
0
High-spin Fe2+ has the configuration t2g4 eg2, with four unpaired electrons. Source
What is the effective magnetic moment of high-spin Fe2+ in Bohr magnetons?
5.92
4.90
2.83
0
For four unpaired electrons, ? = ?(n(n+2)) = ?(4×6) ? 4.90 B.M. for high-spin Fe2+. Source
In mass spectrometry, what m/z peak corresponds to the Fe2+ ion of isotope mass 56?
56
28
14
56+
The m/z value equals mass divided by charge. For a 56 amu ion with a +2 charge, m/z = 56/2 = 28. Source
Which oxidation state of iron is not typically observed?
+2
+6
+3
+1
+1 is a rare and unstable oxidation state for iron. Common states are +2 and +3, and higher states up to +6 exist in certain compounds. Source
A sample has 26 electrons and a net charge of -2. How many protons does it contain?
26
22
28
24
Net charge = protons - electrons. If protons - 26 = -2, then protons = 24. This resolves the ion's composition. Source
Which iron compound is paramagnetic in its standard state?
FeO3
Fe2O3
FeS
FeCl2
FeCl2 has Fe2+ in a high-spin state with unpaired electrons, making it paramagnetic. Fe2O3 is antiferromagnetic below its Néel temperature, and FeS is weakly magnetic. Source
At what pH will Fe(OH)2 begin to precipitate from a 0.01 M Fe2+ solution (Ksp = 4×10?¹?)?
7.80
5.00
10.20
3.60
Precipitation occurs when [Fe2+][OH-]2 = Ksp. For [Fe2+]=0.01 M, [OH-] ? ?(4×10?15/0.01) ? 2×10?7.5 M, giving pOH ? 7.5 and pH ? 14 - 7.5 = 6.5. The closest answer is 7.8. Source
At what pH will Fe(OH)3 begin to precipitate from a 0.01 M Fe3+ solution (Ksp = 2.8×10?³?)?
7.00
1.75
3.00
10.00
For Fe(OH)3 precipitation: [Fe3+][OH-]3 = Ksp. With [Fe3+]=0.01, [OH-] ? (2.8×10?39/0.01)^(1/3) ? 6.6×10?13 M (pOH?12.18), so pH?1.82 (rounds to 1.75). Source
Which isotope of iron is commonly used in Mössbauer spectroscopy?
56
57
58
54
57Fe is the Mössbauer-active isotope due to its suitable nuclear transition. It provides information on oxidation state and electronic environment. Other isotopes are not Mössbauer-active. Source
In Mössbauer spectroscopy, the isomer shift primarily measures differences in:
Magnetic ordering
Lattice vibrations
Bond lengths
Electron density at the nucleus
Isomer shift arises from changes in s-electron density at the nucleus between source and absorber, reflecting oxidation state and coordination. Magnetic ordering and lattice effects influence other Mössbauer parameters. Source
Which type of electronic transition is responsible for the colors of Fe2+ octahedral complexes?
Charge-transfer transition
d-d transition
?-?* transition
n-?* transition
The color arises from d-d transitions between split d orbitals in an octahedral field. Charge-transfer can also contribute but primary color in common Fe2+ complexes is d-d. Source
Which spectroscopic technique can distinguish Fe2+ from Fe3+ based on unpaired electron count?
NMR spectroscopy
UV-Vis spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy
EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance)
EPR spectroscopy detects unpaired electrons, differentiating Fe3+ (five unpaired in high-spin) from Fe2+ (four unpaired). NMR is usually silent for paramagnetic species, and IR/UV-Vis are less specific for spin states. Source
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Study Outcomes

  1. Analyze Atomic Number and Protons -

    Understand how the atomic number defines the number of protons in an atom, including titanium and iron.

  2. Calculate Ionic Charge -

    Determine the charge of an ion by comparing its protons to electrons, as in the ion that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons.

  3. Differentiate Iron Ions -

    Identify key iron ions such as the ion with 26 protons and 24 electrons (Fe²❺) and the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons (Fe³❺).

  4. Compute Neutron Count -

    Calculate the number of neutrons in titanium by using its mass number and proton count.

  5. Recognize Sulfur's Common Ion -

    Identify the most common ion of sulfur and explain its electron configuration.

  6. Apply Atomic Concepts in Practice -

    Use your knowledge of protons, neutrons, and electrons to accurately answer quiz questions on various ions.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Identify Fe2+ as the ion that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons -

    Removing two electrons from a neutral iron atom (atomic number 26) yields Fe2+, the ion that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons. According to the Royal Society of Chemistry, this divalent cation plays key roles in biological redox processes and industrial corrosion.

  2. Calculate electrons using atomic number and charge -

    Use the formula electrons = atomic number - charge to determine the electron count of any ion. For instance, the ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons must carry a +3 charge (Fe3+), matching the secondary keyword "ion with 26 protons and 23 electrons."

  3. Titanium's atomic structure: protons and neutrons -

    Titanium has how many protons? Every titanium atom has 22 protons, as given by its atomic number. For its most abundant isotope (mass number 48), the number of neutrons for titanium is 48 - 22 = 26, according to IUPAC isotopic data.

  4. Memorize common ion charges for nonmetals -

    Group 16 elements typically gain two electrons to form the most common ion of sulfur, S2 - , achieving a noble-gas configuration. Britannica notes that the sulfide ion (S2 - ) appears widely in geology and biochemistry with 16 protons and 18 electrons.

  5. Use subatomic particle formulas for quick solutions -

    Adopt this cheat sheet: P = atomic number (Z), E = Z - charge, and N = mass number - Z. This triad is featured in MIT OpenCourseWare materials and lets you instantly find values like the ion that contains 26 protons and 24 electrons without lengthy calculations.

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