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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Think You Can Master Haemopoietics Drugs? Take the Hematopoiesis Pharmacology Quiz!

Dive into hematopoiesis pharmacology and ace questions on erythropoietin, growth factors, and more!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for hematopoiesis pharmacology quiz on sky blue background

Ready to master the world of haemopoietics drugs? Our Pharmacology of Hematopoiesis Quiz tests your grasp of hematopoiesis pharmacology, covering topics from an erythropoietin function quiz to hemopoietic growth factors and bone marrow stimulants. Review the clinical applications for hematology laboratory tests and sharpen your practical skills by identifying key questions to ask a hematologist. If you're a medical student, lab professional or clinician, this interactive challenge will reveal strengths and spotlight areas for review. Don't forget to explore our hematology quiz and compare strategies with engaging blood test questions. Dive in now, challenge yourself, and boost your confidence in hematological tests!

What is the primary function of erythropoietin in hematopoiesis?
Stimulate red blood cell production
Promote neutrophil maturation
Enhance platelet aggregation
Inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow. It binds to the erythropoietin receptor on erythroid progenitors, activating JAK2/STAT5 signaling to increase red blood cell mass. This mechanism is widely used in clinical settings to treat anemia of chronic kidney disease and chemotherapy-induced anemia. NCBI
Which drug is a recombinant human erythropoietin analog used to treat anemia?
Epoetin alfa
Filgrastim
Romiplostim
Methyldopa
Epoetin alfa is a synthetic form of human erythropoietin produced by recombinant DNA technology and is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease and chemotherapy. Filgrastim and romiplostim are colony-stimulating factors for neutrophils and platelets, respectively. Methyldopa is an antihypertensive agent and has no role in erythropoiesis. NCBI
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with filgrastim therapy?
Bone pain
Neutropenia
Hypertension
Thrombocytopenia
Filgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, often causes bone pain due to increased bone marrow activity and expansion of myeloid precursors. This pain is usually mild to moderate and responds to analgesics. Hypertension, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia are not characteristic side effects of filgrastim. NCBI
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) primarily stimulates the proliferation of which cell lineage?
Neutrophil precursors
Erythroid progenitors
Megakaryocytes
B lymphocytes
G-CSF specifically binds to receptors on neutrophil lineage precursors, promoting their proliferation, differentiation, and function. It does not directly affect erythroid, megakaryocytic, or lymphoid lineages. This targeted action helps patients recover from neutropenia after chemotherapy. NCBI
Which drug is a peptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist used to increase platelet counts in thrombocytopenic conditions?
Romiplostim
Eltrombopag
Oprelvekin
Sargramostim
Romiplostim is a peptibody that activates the thrombopoietin receptor (c-Mpl) on megakaryocyte precursors, resulting in increased platelet production. Eltrombopag is a small-molecule TPO receptor agonist that is orally active but is structurally distinct. Oprelvekin (IL-11) and sargramostim (GM-CSF) do not directly activate the TPO receptor. NCBI
Which cytokine analog is represented by oprelvekin in clinical use?
Interleukin-11
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Interleukin-2
Erythropoietin
Oprelvekin is a recombinant form of interleukin-11 used to prevent severe thrombocytopenia and reduce the need for platelet transfusions in patients receiving chemotherapy. GM-CSF is represented by sargramostim, IL-2 is used in immunotherapy, and erythropoietin is not an interleukin. IL-11 promotes megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production. NCBI
What modification accounts for the prolonged half-life of darbepoetin alfa compared to epoetin alfa?
Additional glycosylation sites
PEGylation
Fusion to the Fc fragment of IgG
Decreased molecular weight
Darbepoetin alfa contains additional N-linked carbohydrate chains compared to epoetin alfa, which increases its sialic acid content and extends its serum half-life. It is not PEGylated nor fused to an Fc fragment, and it has a slightly larger molecular weight. These glycosylation changes allow less frequent dosing. FDA
Which adverse effect is most commonly observed with darbepoetin alfa therapy?
Hypertension
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension is a well-documented side effect of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, including darbepoetin alfa, likely due to increased blood viscosity and vasoconstrictive effects. Cytopenias such as neutropenia or thrombocytopenia and hyperglycemia are not commonly associated with darbepoetin alfa. Monitoring blood pressure is recommended during therapy. NCBI
Sargramostim is a recombinant form of which colony-stimulating factor?
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)
Stem cell factor
Sargramostim is a yeast-derived recombinant human GM-CSF that stimulates proliferation and activation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. G-CSF is represented by filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, while M-CSF and stem cell factor are distinct growth factors. GM-CSF has broader activity across myeloid lineages. NCBI
How does pegfilgrastim differ from filgrastim in its pharmacokinetic profile?
It is PEGylated to reduce renal clearance
It has additional glycosylation sites
It is fused to an Fc fragment
It has a lower molecular weight
Pegfilgrastim is filgrastim conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG), which sterically hinders its renal clearance and allows for sustained serum levels, enabling once-per-cycle dosing. It does not have additional glycosylation, Fc fusion, nor a lower molecular weight. PEGylation is the key modification. FDA
Which laboratory parameter is most appropriate for monitoring the efficacy of erythropoietin therapy?
Hemoglobin concentration
White blood cell count
Platelet count
Serum creatinine
Hemoglobin concentration directly reflects red blood cell mass and is the primary endpoint for assessing the efficacy of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. White blood cell counts and platelet counts monitor other lineages, and serum creatinine assesses renal function but not erythropoiesis. Regular hemoglobin monitoring guides dose adjustments. NCBI
Eltrombopag is primarily indicated for increasing platelet counts in which condition?
Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Chronic neutropenia
Aplastic anemia
Eltrombopag is an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist approved for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in patients with insufficient response to other treatments. It is also approved for thrombocytopenia in chronic hepatitis C and severe aplastic anemia but not for acute promyelocytic leukemia or chronic neutropenia. Its targeted mechanism raises platelet counts in ITP. NCBI
What explains pegfilgrastim’s extended circulation time compared to filgrastim?
Steric hindrance of renal clearance via PEGylation
Increased sialic acid from glycosylation
Recycling through the neonatal Fc receptor
Encapsulation into liposomal nanoparticles
Pegfilgrastim has polyethylene glycol chains attached, which increase its molecular size and reduce renal filtration, thereby extending its half-life. Filgrastim relies on glycosylation and receptor-mediated clearance, but does not have PEGylation. It is not fused to an Fc fragment for FcRn recycling nor delivered in liposomes. PEGylation is the key factor. NCBI
During romiplostim therapy for immune thrombocytopenia, monitoring should focus on which serious adverse event?
Thrombosis
Neutropenia
Renal failure
Pulmonary fibrosis
Romiplostim increases platelet production and can raise platelet counts excessively, leading to an elevated risk of thromboembolic events such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Neutropenia, renal failure, and pulmonary fibrosis are not characteristic of romiplostim. Regular platelet count monitoring is essential to mitigate this risk. NCBI
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in oncology patients have been associated with what risk?
Tumor progression and decreased survival
Nephrotoxicity
Severe neutropenia
Ototoxicity
Clinical studies have shown that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents may accelerate tumor progression and decrease overall survival in certain cancer patients, likely by promoting angiogenesis and reducing tumor hypoxia. Nephrotoxicity, severe neutropenia, and ototoxicity are not commonly linked to these agents. Guidelines now recommend cautious use in oncology. NCBI
Targeting hemoglobin levels above 11 g/dL with erythropoietin therapy increases the risk of which complication?
Cardiovascular events
Hypoglycemia
Infectious sepsis
Acute liver failure
Clinical trials have demonstrated that driving hemoglobin too high with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents increases the incidence of cardiovascular events such as hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Hypoglycemia, sepsis, and acute liver failure are not directly associated with elevated hemoglobin targets. Current guidelines recommend lower hemoglobin goals. NCBI
Which statement correctly distinguishes filgrastim from sargramostim?
Filgrastim is G-CSF specific; sargramostim is GM-CSF and stimulates multiple myeloid lineages
Filgrastim is GM-CSF; sargramostim is G-CSF and specific for neutrophils
Both are identical G-CSF analogs
Sargramostim is an IL-11 analog while filgrastim is IL-3
Filgrastim is a recombinant G-CSF that specifically stimulates neutrophil precursors, whereas sargramostim is recombinant GM-CSF, which stimulates neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. They are distinct cytokines with different lineage targets. Sargramostim is not an IL-11 analog, and filgrastim does not derive from IL-3. NCBI
Filgrastim is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to which component?
Escherichia coli–derived proteins
Chinese hamster ovary cell products
Baker’s yeast components
Recombinant human albumin
Filgrastim is produced in Escherichia coli and contains trace E. coli–derived proteins, so it is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to these proteins. Chinese hamster ovary cell products are used for other biologics, and baker’s yeast and human albumin are not related to filgrastim manufacturing. Awareness of the production source is critical to avoid allergic reactions. NCBI
Which thrombopoietin receptor agonist binds the TPO receptor at the transmembrane domain rather than the extracellular domain?
Eltrombopag
Romiplostim
Oprelvekin
Darbepoetin alfa
Eltrombopag is a small-molecule agonist that binds to the transmembrane domain of the thrombopoietin receptor (c-Mpl), inducing receptor dimerization and activation. Romiplostim, in contrast, mimics endogenous thrombopoietin and binds the extracellular domain. Oprelvekin is IL-11, and darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent unrelated to TPO. NCBI
Compared with epoetin alfa, darbepoetin alfa exhibits which pharmacokinetic advantage?
Longer elimination half-life due to additional glycosylation
Higher peak plasma concentration with shorter half-life
Reduced bioavailability requiring higher dosing
Increased renal clearance
Darbepoetin alfa has five N-linked carbohydrate chains compared to three in epoetin alfa, which increases sialylation and prolongs its elimination half-life, allowing less frequent dosing. It does not produce higher peak concentrations with a shorter half-life, nor does it have reduced bioavailability or increased clearance. The extended half-life is its primary pharmacokinetic benefit. NCBI
Activation of the GM-CSF receptor primarily signals through which intracellular pathway to promote granulocyte proliferation?
JAK2/STAT5 pathway
SMAD2/3 pathway
cGMP/PKG pathway
Hedgehog signaling pathway
GM-CSF receptor engagement leads to JAK2 activation and subsequent STAT5 phosphorylation, which drives transcription of genes essential for survival and proliferation of granulocyte and macrophage precursors. SMAD2/3 is associated with TGF-beta signaling, cGMP/PKG relates to nitric oxide, and Hedgehog regulates embryonic development, not GM-CSF–mediated hematopoiesis. The JAK2/STAT5 axis is central to GM-CSF action. NCBI
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand haemopoietics drug mechanisms -

    Describe the key classes of haemopoietics drugs and their mechanisms of action in hematopoiesis pharmacology.

  2. Analyze erythropoietin function -

    Explain how erythropoietin production is regulated and its role in red blood cell maturation and oxygen transport.

  3. Identify hemopoietic growth factors -

    List major hemopoietic growth factors, their sources, and how they stimulate bone marrow activity.

  4. Compare bone marrow stimulants -

    Differentiate between various bone marrow stimulants by examining their pharmacodynamics and clinical indications.

  5. Evaluate therapeutic and adverse effects -

    Assess the clinical benefits and potential side effects of haemopoietics drugs in patient care.

  6. Apply pharmacology concepts to clinical scenarios -

    Use quiz-based questions to reinforce decision-making skills in prescribing and monitoring hematopoietic agents.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Role of Erythropoietin in RBC Production -

    Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates erythroid progenitor cells; synthetic ESAs mimic this effect, boosting hemoglobin by up to 1 g/dL per week (NCCN, FDA). Mastering EPO physiology is key for acing any erythropoietin function quiz and understanding hematopoiesis pharmacology. In practice, dosing for epoetin alfa often starts at 50 - 100 IU/kg thrice weekly, adjusted based on hemoglobin response.

  2. CSFs: G-CSF and GM-CSF Mechanisms -

    Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) are hemopoietic growth factors that bind to specific receptors on myeloid progenitors, accelerating neutrophil recovery post-chemotherapy (JCO). A simple formula "ANC = WBC ×

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