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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Nutrition & Fitness

Test Your Knowledge of Olive Oil Fatty Acids & Chylomicrons

Ready to identify chylomicrons and spot monounsaturated fats? Begin the quiz!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration of olive oil bottle olive branch chylomicron particles quiz prompt on golden yellow background

Dive into dietary lipids with our Olive Oil Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Quiz: Test Yourself! Discover if you can assert that olive oil contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids, nail fill-in-the-blank prompts like "olive oil contains mostly ______ fatty acids" or "chylomicrons are a type of ______," and tackle "all of the following contain mostly monounsaturated fatty acids except." Ideal for students fresh off a lipid metabolism quiz or reviewing with chylomicron formation first aid , this free, scored challenge sharpens your chylomicron function insights and healthy fat know-how. Ready to see your score? Start now!

What is the primary monounsaturated fatty acid found in olive oil?
Linoleic acid
Stearic acid
Palmitoleic acid
Oleic acid
Oleic acid (C18:1) is the dominant monounsaturated fatty acid in olive oil, comprising about 55 - 83% of its fatty acid profile. It contributes to olive oil's stability and health benefits by lowering LDL cholesterol. The cis double bond in oleic acid also influences membrane fluidity and signaling pathways. source
Approximately what percentage of extra virgin olive oil's fatty acids are monounsaturated?
40 - 45%
25 - 30%
70 - 75%
55 - 60%
Extra virgin olive oil typically contains around 70 - 75% monounsaturated fatty acids, primarily oleic acid. This high MUFA content distinguishes it from other cooking oils. The remaining fatty acids include polyunsaturated and saturated fats. source
Monounsaturated fatty acids are characterized by how many double bonds in their carbon chain?
Two double bonds
Three double bonds
Zero double bonds
One double bond
Monounsaturated fatty acids contain exactly one carbon - carbon double bond in their hydrocarbon chain. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more. This single double bond gives MUFAs unique fluidity and oxidative stability. source
Which of the following is a monounsaturated fat?
Palmitic acid
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Arachidonic acid
Oleic acid is the classic example of a monounsaturated fatty acid, containing one cis double bond at the ninth carbon. Linoleic and arachidonic acids are polyunsaturated, and palmitic acid is saturated. The single double bond in oleic acid affects its physical and nutritional properties. source
What is a chylomicron?
An intestinal lipoprotein that transports dietary lipids
A cellular organelle for fat storage
A liver-produced lipoprotein for endogenous cholesterol transport
A plasma protein that degrades fatty acids
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles assembled in enterocytes after fat digestion; they transport dietary triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins through the lymphatic system into circulation. They are distinct from VLDL and LDL, which carry endogenous lipids. Chylomicrons deliver fats to peripheral tissues before remnants return to the liver. source
Where are chylomicrons assembled in the body?
Hepatocytes
Enterocytes of the small intestine
Adipocytes
Pancreatic acinar cells
Chylomicron assembly occurs in enterocytes, the absorptive cells lining the small intestine. Dietary fats are re-esterified into triglycerides in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, where apolipoprotein B-48 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein package them into chylomicrons. These particles then enter the lymphatic system. source
Which apolipoprotein is essential for chylomicron formation?
ApoA-I
ApoE
ApoC-III
ApoB-48
Apolipoprotein B-48 is required for the structural assembly and secretion of chylomicrons by enterocytes. It serves as a scaffold for lipid loading mediated by microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Without ApoB-48, chylomicron formation cannot occur. source
During fat digestion in the intestine, bile salts help form what structure?
Liposomes
Chylomicron remnants
Micelles
Lipoprotein(a)
Bile salts emulsify dietary fats to form mixed micelles, which increase the surface area for pancreatic lipase action and facilitate the absorption of free fatty acids and monoglycerides by enterocytes. Without micelle formation, lipid absorption is inefficient. source
Which enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons to release free fatty acids for tissue uptake?
Hormone-sensitive lipase
Pancreatic lipase
Lipoprotein lipase
Hepatic lipase
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), anchored on the endothelial surface of capillaries in muscle and adipose tissue, hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. These released fatty acids are then taken up by tissues for energy or storage. LPL activity is crucial for chylomicron clearance. source
After lipolysis, chylomicron remnants are primarily taken up by the liver via which receptor?
LDL receptor
Scavenger receptor BI
CD36
FAT/CD36 receptor
Chylomicron remnants, enriched in cholesterol and depleted of triglycerides, carry apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on their surface. ApoE binds to the LDL receptor on hepatocytes to mediate receptor?mediated endocytosis of remnants. This process clears dietary lipids from circulation. source
Which intestinal enzyme catalyzes the re?esterification of monoglycerides to triglycerides for chylomicron assembly?
HMG?CoA reductase
Phospholipase A2
Diacylglycerol kinase
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT)
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) catalyzes the initial acylation of monoglycerides to diacylglycerol, which is further converted to triglycerides by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). These reactions occur in enterocyte endoplasmic reticulum prior to chylomicron assembly. source
Which lipoprotein primarily transports endogenously synthesized triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues?
Chylomicrons
HDL
VLDL
LDL
Very?low?density lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized in the liver and carry endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol to adipose and muscle tissue. Lipoprotein lipase converts VLDL to intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and eventually LDL. Chylomicrons, by contrast, transport dietary fats. source
Which fat?soluble vitamin is transported in chylomicrons after a meal?
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Fat?soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K are incorporated into chylomicrons in enterocytes and transported through the lymph to the bloodstream following a fatty meal. Vitamin K, essential for clotting factor synthesis, is one such vitamin. Water?soluble vitamins are absorbed differently. source
Which apolipoprotein activates lipoprotein lipase on the surface of capillaries?
ApoA?I
ApoC?II
ApoB?100
ApoE
Apolipoprotein C?II (ApoC?II) serves as a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase, which hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL. Deficiency of ApoC?II leads to hypertriglyceridemia due to impaired chylomicron clearance. ApoA?I and ApoB?100 have other functions. source
High dietary intake of oleic acid is most associated with a reduction in which lipid parameter?
Chylomicron remnants
HDL cholesterol
Triglycerides
LDL cholesterol
Monounsaturated fats like oleic acid have been shown to lower low?density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels when substituted for saturated fats, without lowering HDL. This effect contributes to cardiovascular benefits associated with olive oil consumption. source
What role do bile salts play in lipid digestion?
They hydrolyze triglycerides
They activate pancreatic lipase
They bind to chylomicron receptors
They emulsify fats to aid micelle formation
Bile salts, secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsify dietary fats into small droplets and mixed micelles. This increases the surface area for pancreatic lipase to act and facilitates absorption of monoglycerides and free fatty acids by enterocytes. source
The activation of oleic acid for triglyceride synthesis in enterocytes requires which coenzyme?
Coenzyme Q10
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Coenzyme A (CoA)
Fatty acids like oleic acid must be activated to fatty acyl?CoA by acyl?CoA synthetase in the enterocyte's endoplasmic reticulum before incorporation into triglycerides. Coenzyme A is the thiol carrier that forms the fatty acyl?CoA thioester. This activation is essential for lipid synthesis. source
The half?life of chylomicrons in the bloodstream is primarily influenced by which factor?
Bile salt concentration
Hepatic lipase activity
Lipoprotein lipase activity
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein levels
Chylomicron clearance from plasma is largely determined by the rate of triglyceride hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). High LPL activity shortens chylomicron half?life, whereas LPL deficiency leads to prolonged circulation and hypertriglyceridemia. Other enzymes have secondary roles. source
In the core of a mature chylomicron, which components predominate?
Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters
Phospholipids and free cholesterol
Apolipoproteins and bile acids
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides
Mature chylomicrons have a hydrophobic core composed mainly of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, which are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer, free cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. This organization enables efficient lipid transport in the aqueous bloodstream. source
How does incorporation of oleic acid into membrane phospholipids affect membrane fluidity?
Decreases fluidity by ordering acyl chains
Has no effect on fluidity
Solidifies membranes at body temperature
Increases fluidity due to cis?double bond kinks
Oleic acid's cis?double bond introduces a kink in the fatty acyl chain, disrupting tight packing of phospholipids and increasing membrane fluidity. This enhances membrane protein mobility and cell signaling. Saturated fatty acids lack this feature. source
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is critical for which step in chylomicron formation?
Initial lipid loading onto ApoB?48
Terminal lipidation of ApoA?I
Secretion of chylomicron remnants
Hydrolysis of triglycerides
MTP transfers triglycerides and cholesteryl esters to nascent apolipoprotein B?48 in the endoplasmic reticulum of enterocytes, a critical initial step in chylomicron assembly. Without MTP, ApoB?48 is degraded and lipoprotein particles cannot form. source
Which nuclear receptor is activated by oleic acid to promote fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes?
Liver X receptor (LXR)
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR?)
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)
Oleic acid and other long?chain fatty acids serve as ligands for PPAR?, a nuclear receptor that upregulates genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal ??oxidation. Activation of PPAR? enhances fatty acid catabolism and reduces triglyceride accumulation. source
Chylomicron remnant uptake into hepatocytes primarily involves which receptor?
Scavenger receptor A
LDL receptor-related protein (LRP)
CD36
Scavenger receptor BI
Chylomicron remnants carry apolipoprotein E, which binds to the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) on hepatocytes, mediating their endocytosis and clearance. This receptor complex distinguishes remnant particles from intact chylomicrons. source
Which nuclear receptor is modulated by oleic acid to regulate adipocyte differentiation?
GR
CAR
PPAR?
PXR
Oleic acid acts as a ligand for PPAR?, a nuclear receptor that controls adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage. Activation of PPAR? by MUFAs influences the expression of genes involved in lipid uptake and adipogenesis. source
Which phospholipid transfer protein aids stability and lipidation of nascent chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum?
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP)
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)
Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is essential for loading triglycerides and phospholipids onto apoB-48 within the ER lumen of enterocytes, initiating chylomicron assembly. While PLTP transfers phospholipids among lipoproteins in plasma, MTP is specific for nascent lipoprotein formation. source
Incorporation of monounsaturated fatty acids into chylomicron phospholipid surfaces has what effect on lipoprotein lipase affinity?
Reduces enzyme accessibility
Increases affinity by enhancing surface fluidity
No effect on affinity
Decreases affinity by rigidifying the surface
Monounsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid increase the fluidity of the phospholipid monolayer on chylomicrons, which facilitates better interaction between lipoprotein lipase and the particle surface. Enhanced fluidity improves substrate accessibility for LPL-catalyzed TG hydrolysis. source
During high?oleic acid feeding, which microRNA is downregulated in enterocytes, leading to increased fatty acid oxidation?
miR-27
miR-33
miR-21
miR-122
miR-122 is a liver- and enterocyte-enriched microRNA that regulates lipid metabolism; high-oleic acid diets have been shown to downregulate miR-122, thereby derepressing transcripts involved in fatty acid oxidation. This regulatory mechanism enhances ?-oxidation in enterocytes. source
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Olive Oil Fatty Acid Composition -

    Recognize that olive oil contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids and distinguish it from saturated and polyunsaturated fats.

  2. Differentiate Fatty Acid Types -

    Fill in the blank for statements like "olive oil contains mostly ______ fatty acids" to reinforce your understanding of various fat classifications.

  3. Explain Chylomicron Function -

    Describe how chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein that transport dietary fats through the lymphatic and circulatory systems during digestion.

  4. Analyze Food Composition Scenarios -

    Determine answers to prompts such as "all of the following contain mostly monounsaturated fatty acids except" by applying your knowledge of fat content in different foods.

  5. Apply Nutrition Concepts -

    Use instant quiz feedback to strengthen your grasp of dietetics essentials and apply these insights to meal planning and nutrition counseling.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Profile of Olive Oil -

    Olive oil contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid (18:1 cis-9) comprising about 70 - 80% of its total fat content. A handy mnemonic is "OIL: Oleic In Lipids" to remember that oleic acid dominates. This profile is confirmed by analyses from the USDA and the European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology.

  2. Fatty Acid Structure and Nomenclature -

    Monounsaturated fats have one double bond; oleic acid is often notated as 18:1Δ9, meaning 18 carbons and one double bond at the ninth carbon. Remember "Δ" (delta) for the position of the double bond - e.g., Δ9 for oleic acid - using standard IUPAC rules (FAO/WHO guidelines). This systematic naming aids in comparing diverse oils in research papers.

  3. Heart-Healthy Benefits -

    Replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated fats like those in olive oil has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol and maintain HDL levels, according to the American Heart Association. The PREDIMED study demonstrated a 30% reduction in major cardiovascular events with a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil. Think "Eat green, live clean" to remember that extra-virgin olive oil supports cardiovascular health.

  4. Role of Chylomicrons in Lipid Transport -

    After digestion, chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein that transport dietary triglycerides and fat-soluble vitamins from enterocytes to the lymphatic system and bloodstream. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on capillary walls hydrolyzes their triglycerides for uptake in muscle and adipose tissues (NIH, NIDDK). Visualize a "fat ferry" carrying TGs to tissues to recall their transport function.

  5. Dietary Sources and Self-Quiz -

    Beyond olive oil, foods like avocados, peanuts, and macadamia nuts are rich in monounsaturated fats, while oils such as safflower and sunflower are higher in polyunsaturated fats. Test yourself: olive oil contains mostly ______ fatty acids; chylomicrons are a type of ______; all of the following contain mostly monounsaturated fatty acids except ______. Fill in with "monounsaturated," "lipoprotein," and "safflower oil" to check your mastery.

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