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Ultimate Legislative Branch Quiz: Challenge Your Congress Know-How

Ready for our U.S. Congress practice test? Dive into the Congress structure quiz now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
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Test your U.S. Congress know-how with our free Legislative Branch quiz designed for students, educators, and civic-minded citizens. You'll tackle a U.S. Congress practice test and a concise Congress structure quiz to master how bills become law, committee roles, and legislative functions. Dive into interactive legislative branch questions and gauge your expertise in Congressional roles trivia. Get instant feedback and clear explanations so you can pinpoint strengths and brush up on areas that need review. Ready to elevate your government smarts? Click here to begin our branches of government quiz and start challenging yourself today!

What is the term length for a U.S. Representative?
2 years
4 years
6 years
Life tenure
Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms as specified in Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. This short term ensures that representatives remain closely accountable to their constituents. The entire House stands for election every two years. https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript#toc-article-i-sec-2
What is the term length for a U.S. Senator?
6 years
2 years
4 years
Life tenure
Senators serve staggered six-year terms to provide continuity in the Senate. Every two years, approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. This arrangement is established by Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution. https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript#toc-article-i-sec-3
How many U.S. Senators are there?
100
435
50
538
There are two senators from each of the 50 states, totaling 100 Senators. This equal representation is part of the Great Compromise included in Article I of the Constitution. The Senate was designed to balance the House’s representation by population. https://www.senate.gov/about/faqs/faqs.htm
How many voting members are in the U.S. House of Representatives?
435
100
535
50
The House of Representatives is capped at 435 voting members by federal law. Apportionment among the states is determined by the decennial census. This formula has been in place since the Reapportionment Act of 1929. https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/the-legislative-process/apportionment
Which chamber has the power to originate revenue bills?
House of Representatives
Senate
Joint Session of Congress
Neither chamber
The Origination Clause (Article I, Section 7) requires that all revenue-raising bills begin in the House of Representatives. The Senate may propose amendments but cannot originate them. This ensures taxation is closely tied to representation. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section7/
What is a bicameral legislature?
A legislature with two chambers
A legislature with one chamber
A joint session of Congress
A legislature with three chambers
A bicameral legislature consists of two separate chambers or houses. In the U.S., Congress is bicameral, made up of the House and the Senate. The framers adopted this structure to balance different interests and prevent hasty legislation. https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript#toc-article-i
Which Article of the U.S. Constitution establishes Congress?
Article I
Article II
Article III
Article IV
Article I of the Constitution sets out the powers, structure, and functions of Congress. It establishes the bicameral legislature, membership requirements, and enumerated powers. Articles II and III address the Executive and Judicial branches, respectively. https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript#toc-article-i
What is the minimum age requirement to serve in the House of Representatives?
25
30
21
35
Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution sets the minimum age for representatives at 25. This age requirement ensures a degree of maturity and experience. Senators must be older, reflecting the chamber’s role as a more deliberative body. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section2/
What is the minimum age requirement to serve in the Senate?
30
25
35
21
The Constitution (Article I, Section 3) requires that Senators be at least 30 years old. This higher age threshold reflects the Senate’s role in state representation and its more deliberative pace. Representatives have a lower age requirement of 25. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section3/
Who is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives?
The Speaker of the House
The President pro tempore
The Senate Majority Leader
The Chief Justice
The Speaker of the House is elected by House members and presides over its sessions. This role includes setting the legislative agenda and maintaining order. The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession after the Vice President. https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/leadership-and-organization/speaker-of-the-house
Who presides over the Senate when the Vice President is absent?
President pro tempore
Senate Majority Leader
Chief Justice
Speaker of the House
The President pro tempore, typically the longest-serving majority party senator, presides in the Vice President’s absence. This is a largely honorary position, though it keeps Senate business moving. The Majority Leader often handles floor operations. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/President_Pro_Tempore.htm
What majority is required in both chambers to override a presidential veto?
Two-thirds
Three-fifths
Simple majority
Three-quarters
Overriding a presidential veto requires a two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate. This supermajority threshold is set by Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. It ensures only bills with broad support can pass over the President’s objections. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section7/
Which power allows Congress to regulate interstate commerce?
Commerce Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
Supremacy Clause
Full Faith and Credit Clause
The Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8) grants Congress power to regulate trade among the states. It has been the constitutional foundation for much federal economic regulation. Supreme Court cases have interpreted its scope over time. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section8/
What clause grants Congress implied powers beyond those explicitly listed?
Necessary and Proper Clause
Commerce Clause
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Establishment Clause
The Necessary and Proper Clause (Article I, Section 8) allows Congress to make laws needed to execute its enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for implied powers, such as establishing a national bank. It ensures flexibility in legislation. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section8/
What vote is required to invoke cloture in the Senate to end a filibuster?
Three-fifths of senators
Simple majority
Two-thirds of senators
Four-fifths of senators
Cloture requires three-fifths (60 out of 100) Senate votes to end most filibusters. This rule was established by the 1917 cloture rule and later modified by the 1975 change. It balances debate rights with the need for finality. https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/cloture.htm
What is the primary purpose of congressional committees?
To review, amend, and advance legislation
To enforce laws directly
To prosecute federal crimes
To resolve disputes between states
Committees allow Congress to specialize in policy areas, hold hearings, and draft legislation. They help manage the large volume of bills introduced each session. Without committees, floor debate would be unmanageable. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
What type of committee resolves differences between House and Senate versions of a bill?
Conference Committee
Select Committee
Joint Committee
Standing Committee
A conference committee, made up of members from both chambers, negotiates a final compromise when bills differ. Their report must be approved by both the House and Senate. This step ensures identical legislation is sent to the President. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
What is a discharge petition?
A petition to bring a bill out of committee
A request to discharge a member
A tool to force a floor vote in the Senate
A procedure to impeach officials
A discharge petition in the House can force a bill out of committee and onto the floor with 218 signatures. It is used when committee leaders block legislation. It ensures that minority interests can still bring bills forward. https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/committees/discharge-petition
What kind of resolution requires approval by both chambers and the President’s signature?
Joint Resolution
Simple Resolution
Concurrent Resolution
Privileged Resolution
Joint resolutions must pass both the House and Senate and be signed by the President to have the force of law. They are often used for specific purposes like proposing amendments or appropriations. Simple and concurrent resolutions do not go to the President. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/description+of+legislative+process+and+actions
How often does Congress conduct a national census affecting House seats?
Every 10 years
Every 5 years
Every 20 years
Every year
The U.S. Census, mandated by Article I, Section 2, is conducted every ten years to allocate House seats among the states. Reapportionment adjusts the number of Representatives based on population changes. This process ensures equal representation. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/about.html
Under which clause can Congress create a national bank?
Necessary and Proper Clause
Commerce Clause
Supremacy Clause
Privileges and Immunities Clause
In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court upheld the national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause. The Court found that implied powers allow Congress to pass laws essential to executing its constitutional duties. This case affirmed broad federal authority. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/17/316
What is the power of impeachment vested in?
House of Representatives
Senate
Supreme Court
Joint Session of Congress
The Constitution grants the House of Representatives sole power to impeach federal officials by a majority vote. The Senate then conducts the trial. A two-thirds Senate vote is required for removal. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleI/section2/clause5/
Where does the Senate’s advice and consent role originate?
Article II, Section 2
Article I, Section 8
Article III, Section 1
Article IV, Section 3
Article II, Section 2 empowers the Senate to provide advice and consent on treaties and presidential appointments. This check ensures executive decisions are reviewed by the legislature. Major nominations require a simple Senate majority. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/articleII/section2/
What document sets the budgetary framework for Congress each year?
Congressional Budget Resolution
Appropriations Act
Budget and Accounting Act
Budget Enforcement Act
The Congressional Budget Resolution, adopted by both chambers, outlines spending and revenue goals. It is not signed by the President but guides appropriations and reconciliation bills. It helps prevent budget conflicts. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54139
What is a simple resolution?
A measure affecting only one chamber
A measure requiring presidential signature
A law with criminal penalties
A treaty requiring Senate approval
A simple resolution is passed by either the House or Senate alone to address chamber rules or express sentiments. It does not have the force of law and does not require the President’s signature. It is used for internal matters. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/description+of+legislative+process+and+actions
What is a concurrent resolution?
A resolution passed by both chambers without presidential signature
A resolution requiring the President’s approval
A type of veto override
An amendment to the Constitution
Concurrent resolutions are adopted by both House and Senate to coordinate policies or express joint opinions. They do not have the force of law and do not require presidential approval. They often set budget limits or adjournment dates. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/description+of+legislative+process+and+actions
Which committee writes legislation on tax and revenue issues in the House?
House Ways and Means Committee
House Appropriations Committee
House Rules Committee
House Budget Committee
The House Ways and Means Committee has jurisdiction over taxation, tariffs, and revenue-raising measures. It is one of the oldest and most influential committees. All revenue bills must originate in the House and usually go through this committee. https://waysandmeans.house.gov/about/
What is the function of the Government Accountability Office (GAO)?
Auditing federal spending and programs
Prosecuting federal crimes
Drafting legislation
Conducting elections
The GAO audits federal agencies, evaluates program performance, and reports to Congress. It acts as a watchdog to ensure accountability in government operations. Its reports inform legislative decisions and oversight. https://www.gao.gov/about
What rule limits amendments on the House floor to those germane to the bill?
Germaneness Rule
Cloture Rule
Byrd Rule
Origination Rule
The Germaneness Rule requires that all amendments on the House floor be relevant to the bill’s subject. This rule maintains focus in debate and prevents unrelated riders. The Senate does not have an equivalent general requirement. https://www.rules.house.gov/sites/republicans.rules.house.gov/files/115-HRes-5-Clerk.pdf
What is the practice of allocating federal funds for local projects popularized by legislators?
Earmarking
Filibustering
Cloture
Pork-barrel spending
Earmarking directs federal funds to specific projects in legislators’ districts. Often called pork-barrel spending, it helps secure local support. Congress restricted earmarks in 2011 but has seen proposals to reinstate them. https://www.crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10169
What is the term for legislative deals where support is exchanged between members?
Logrolling
Veto bargaining
Cloture trading
Rider negotiation
Logrolling refers to the practice of exchanging support for each other’s proposals. It helps lawmakers secure votes for their preferred measures. Critics argue it can lead to inefficient spending projects. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/logrolling-and-parliamentary-principles/
What requirement ensures members are present for business in both chambers?
Quorum
Earmark
Hold
Cloture
A quorum, a majority of members in each chamber, is required to conduct official business. In the House, that means 218 members; in the Senate, 51. Without a quorum, proceedings cannot move forward. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
What is an omnibus bill?
A single bill combining multiple measures
A bill that originates in the Senate
A vetoed bill overruled by Congress
A joint resolution to amend the Constitution
Omnibus bills package several measures into one bill, often for appropriations. They can expedite passage but reduce deliberation. Critics say they limit transparency and debate. https://www.crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45996
What is budget reconciliation?
A process to expedite budget-related bills
An override of a presidential veto
A Supreme Court budget ruling
A joint committee review
Reconciliation allows expedited consideration of certain budget measures in the Senate, bypassing filibuster with a simple majority. It is governed by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. Use of reconciliation requires a budget resolution. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/51361
What is a “hold” in the Senate?
A notice preventing a motion from reaching the floor
A temporary adjournment of the Senate
A requirement for quorum
A rule forcing cloture
A hold is an informal practice where a senator informs leadership they object to bringing a measure to the floor. It can delay proceedings and is often used in secret. Holds reflect the Senate’s emphasis on individual rights. https://www.rules.senate.gov/faqs/what-is-a-hold
What is a poison pill amendment?
An amendment designed to defeat a bill
An amendment to expedite a bill
A clause to override veto
A rule to end debate
A poison pill is an amendment so controversial or unrelated that it kills the underlying bill’s chance of passage. Legislators may add it to block unwanted legislation. It is a strategic tool in committee or floor debate. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
In which case did the Supreme Court uphold implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause?
McCulloch v. Maryland
Marbury v. Madison
Gibbons v. Ogden
Bush v. Gore
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) confirmed that Congress has implied powers to create a national bank. The Court ruled that states cannot tax federal entities. This case expanded federal authority under the Necessary and Proper Clause. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/17/316
What is the minimum number of signatures needed for a discharge petition in the House?
218
100
51
290
A discharge petition requires signatures from an absolute majority of House members (218 of 435). Once filed and signed, it forces committee consideration and floor action. It is rarely successful due to party pressures. https://www.house.gov/the-house-explained/committees/discharge-petition
Which constitutional amendment changed Senate elections to direct vote by the people?
Seventeenth Amendment
Sixteenth Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Eighteenth Amendment
The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) established direct election of Senators by voters rather than state legislatures. It aimed to reduce corruption and increase democratic accountability. Before then, state legislatures chose Senators. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/seventeenth-amendment
What is a select committee?
A temporary committee for specific issues
A permanent standing committee
A joint conference committee
A leadership steering committee
Select committees are established for a limited time to investigate or study particular issues not covered by standing committees. They produce reports and recommendations. Once their task is complete, they typically dissolve. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
Which committee oversees intelligence activities in Congress?
House and Senate Intelligence Committees
Appropriations Committees
Armed Services Committees
Judiciary Committees
Both the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence oversee U.S. intelligence agencies. They review budgets, programs, and operations. These committees help maintain checks on classified activities. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/about
What is a voice vote?
A vocal 'ayes' and 'nays' vote without recording
A recorded electronic vote
A secret ballot
A roll-call vote
In a voice vote, members verbally express support or opposition, and the presiding officer announces the result. No individual record is kept. It is used for noncontroversial measures. https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/How+Our+Laws+Are+Made
Which Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review over Congress's actions?
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
United States v. Nixon
Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the Supreme Court’s authority to declare congressional acts unconstitutional. This principle of judicial review is not explicitly in the Constitution but was asserted by Chief Justice John Marshall. It remains a cornerstone of U.S. constitutional law. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/5us137
In INS v. Chadha, what legislative action was declared unconstitutional?
One-house legislative veto
Filibuster rule
Line-item veto
Reconciliation process
INS v. Chadha (1983) struck down the one-house legislative veto as violating separation of powers and bicameralism. The Court held that both chambers and the President must participate in lawmaking. This decision reinforced the requirement for a bicameral process. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1982/81-608
What rule prohibits non-germane amendments in the House but not in the Senate?
Germaneness Rule
Byrd Rule
Senatorial Courtesy
Cloture Rule
The House’s Germaneness Rule requires all floor amendments to be relevant to the bill’s subject matter. The Senate generally allows non-germane amendments unless restricted by special rules like reconciliation. This difference reflects each chamber’s distinct procedures. https://www.rules.house.gov/sites/republicans.rules.house.gov/files/115-HRes-5-Clerk.pdf
Under the War Powers Resolution, how many days may the President commit troops without Congress’s approval?
60 days
30 days
90 days
120 days
The War Powers Resolution of 1973 allows the President to deploy armed forces for up to 60 days without congressional authorization, plus a 30-day withdrawal period. After that, forces must be withdrawn unless Congress extends the period. It’s a check on executive war powers. https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html
In McCulloch v. Maryland, what did the Supreme Court rule regarding state taxation of a federal entity?
States cannot tax federal institutions
States may tax federal institutions
States can tax only if approved by Congress
States can tax interest but not principal
In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Court held that states cannot tax federal entities, affirming federal supremacy. Chief Justice Marshall declared 'the power to tax involves the power to destroy,' making such taxes unconstitutional. This case cemented the doctrine of implied powers. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/17/316
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand Congressional Structure -

    Grasp the bicameral design of the U.S. Congress by distinguishing the roles and responsibilities of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

  2. Identify Legislative Functions -

    Recognize how bills become law, the committee system's role, and the checks and balances that define legislative authority.

  3. Analyze Congressional Roles -

    Examine key leadership positions such as the Speaker of the House and Majority Leader to see how they influence the lawmaking process.

  4. Apply Quiz Insights -

    Use instant feedback from the Legislative Branch quiz to reinforce your knowledge and pinpoint areas for further review.

  5. Evaluate Civic Knowledge -

    Assess your mastery of U.S. Congress practice test questions and boost confidence in your understanding of legislative operations.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Bicameral Design of Congress -

    The U.S. Congress is divided into the Senate (100 members, six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (435 members, two-year terms). Senators must be at least 30 years old with nine years of citizenship; Representatives must be 25 with seven years of citizenship. Remember the "6-2-30-25" mnemonic to lock in these facts for your Legislative Branch quiz.

  2. Bill-to-Law Process -

    A bill becomes law after passing both chambers and receiving the President's signature or surviving a two-thirds veto override. Use the mnemonic I.C.B.C.P. (Introduction, Committee, Both chambers, Conference, Presidential action) to remember each step. This sequence is a staple of any U.S. Congress practice test question.

  3. Enumerated Powers and the Elastic Clause -

    Article I, Section 8 outlines Congress's key authorities - taxation, spending, commerce regulation, and declaring war - while the Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) allows flexibility for new laws. For example, establishing a national bank stemmed from McCulloch v. Maryland. Master this duo to ace questions on legislative functions quiz sections.

  4. Leadership Roles in Congress -

    The Speaker of the House controls the House agenda and committee assignments, while the Vice President is Senate President and the President pro tempore presides in the VP's absence. Majority and minority leaders plus whips coordinate party strategy and vote counts. Knowing these roles is essential for Congressional roles trivia in your Legislative Branch quiz.

  5. Congressional Committees -

    Standing, select, joint, and conference committees handle research, hearings, and bill markup before full-chamber votes. For instance, the powerful Ways and Means Committee oversees tax legislation. Understanding committee types will boost your score on any Congress structure quiz.

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