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Neither the manager nor the employees ___ willing to compromise.
is
was
were
are
In a compound subject joined by "nor", the verb agrees with the nearer subject. Here, "employees" is closer and plural, so the correct form is "are". Using "is" or "was" would incorrectly agree with the singular "manager". For more detail, see Subject-Verb Agreement.
Each of the students must bring ___ own laptop.
his or her
their
his
its
The pronoun "each" is singular and requires a singular pronoun. "His or her" correctly matches the singular antecedent. Using "their" is common in informal speech but is grammatically incorrect in formal writing. For more details, consult Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement.
I saw ___ eagle soaring above the mountains.
a
an
the
no article
"Eagle" begins with a vowel sound, so it requires the article "an". "A" is used before consonant sounds, and omitting the article would make the sentence ungrammatical. "The" specifies a particular eagle already mentioned, which is not the case here. See Articles: A, An, The for more information.
She is interested ___ learning new languages.
on
at
of
in
The adjective "interested" is commonly followed by the preposition "in" when referring to activities. Saying "interested on" or "interested at" is incorrect usage. This pattern is essential in English prepositional phrases. More examples can be found at Purdue OWL Prepositions.
She enjoys hiking, biking, and ___ to the beach.
go
going
gone
to go
Items in a list must share the same grammatical form. "Hiking," "biking," and "going" are all gerunds, ensuring parallel structure. Using "to go" or "go" would break this parallelism. For more on parallel structure, refer to Parallel Structure.
___ he studied hard, he still failed the exam.
Since
Because
If
Although
"Although" introduces a concession clause showing contrast. "Because" and "Since" indicate cause, which doesn't fit the contrastive meaning. "If" introduces a condition, which also does not convey the intended meaning. More on subordinating conjunctions at Subordinating Conjunctions.
They decided ___ early to catch the first train.
to leave
have left
leaving
left
After the verb "decide," the infinitive form (to + verb) is required. Using the gerund "leaving" or past tense forms would be grammatically incorrect here. The correct syntax is "decided to leave." More information is available at Gerunds and Infinitives.
By the time you arrive, we ___ dinner.
will have finished
have finished
will finish
had finished
The future perfect tense (will have + past participle) indicates that an action will be completed before a specified future time. "Will have finished" correctly denotes that dinner will be done before you arrive. The other choices do not convey this exact timing. For more, visit Future Perfect Tense.
They reached a ___ decision after hours of discussion.
unanimous
joint
majority
collective
A "unanimous decision" means that all members agree, fitting the context of hours-long discussion. "Majority decision" implies not everyone agreed, while "joint" and "collective" are less precise. The idiomatic phrase in English is "reached a unanimous decision." See Unanimous - Oxford Learner's Dictionaries for more.
Rarely ___ such an exciting event.
had we witnessed
we had witnessed
we did witness
did we witness
With negative adverbs like "rarely" at the beginning of a sentence, inversion is required. This means the auxiliary verb comes before the subject: "had we witnessed." The other forms do not follow the inversion rule. For details, see Sentence Inversion.
She is the only person ___ can solve this problem.
whom
that
which
who
"Who" is the correct pronoun for people in a defining relative clause. "That" is less appropriate in formal contexts, while "which" refers to things and "whom" would require a different sentence structure. Using "who" maintains proper usage. Learn more at Relative Pronouns.
The instructions must ___ carefully before use.
be read
to read
have read
read
In passive voice with a modal verb, the structure is modal + be + past participle. Thus, "must be read" is correct. Simply "read" or other forms do not follow modal passive rules. For more on modal and passive combinations, see Modal Verb Passive.
The documents ___ by the committee were approved.
that were reviewed
to be reviewed
reviewed
reviewing
A reduced relative clause removes "that were" before a past participle. "Reviewed by the committee" succinctly conveys the same meaning. Including "that were" is grammatically correct but less concise. For more on reduced relative clauses, see Reduced Relative Clauses.
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AI Study Notes
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Study Outcomes
Understand TOEFL Grammar Concepts -
Recognize key grammar rules tested in the TOEFL practice quiz, including verb tense, subject-verb agreement, and modifier placement.
Analyze Syntax Structures -
Break down complex sentences to identify their grammatical components and improve your ability to parse TOEFL syntax questions.
Apply Sentence Completion Strategies -
Use targeted techniques to select the best words and phrases for sentence completion, enhancing clarity and precision in your answers.
Identify Common Errors -
Spot frequent mistakes in TOEFL grammar and syntax exercises, allowing you to focus your study on areas that need improvement.
Interpret Practice Quiz Results -
Evaluate your performance in the TOEFL practice quiz to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses, and develop a focused study plan for higher scores.
Cheat Sheet
Subject-Verb Agreement Mastery -
Review how singular and plural subjects dictate verb forms; for instance, "Neither the student nor the teachers are available" follows the nearer-subject rule. Use the mnemonic "Neither/Nor = nearer decides" (ETS official guidelines) to stay consistent in TOEFL grammar exercises.
Parallel Structure Consistency -
Ensure lists and paired ideas use the same grammatical form, as in "She enjoys reading, writing, and swimming." Purdue OWL recommends checking each element for identical part-of-speech patterns to ace TOEFL syntax questions.
Strategic Use of Transition Words -
Familiarize yourself with coordinating (for, and, nor) and subordinating (although, because) conjunctions to link clauses smoothly. A quick mnemonic is "FANBOYS & AWE" (After, When, Although, Because, Even if), aiding sentence completion under timed conditions.
Context Clue Techniques -
Analyze surrounding words for hints; in "Despite the arid climate, cacti ____ scarce water," the contrast "despite" signals a positive verb like "conserve." Harvard's Writing Center advises practicing vocabulary-in-context for effective TOEFL sentence completion.
Time Management & Elimination Strategy -
Allocate approximately 60 seconds per question and cross out two unlikely options first, boosting accuracy to over 75% (ETS study). Regular timed drills in your TOEFL practice quiz sharpen pacing and decision-making confidence.
