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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Endocrine and Reproductive System Quiz: Think You Can Ace It?

Dive into our human endocrine system quiz and master reproductive system trivia

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art style illustration showing stylized glands and reproductive organs on a golden yellow background.

Ready to explore how hormones shape health and fertility? Our Endocrine and Reproductive System Quiz gives you a dynamic way to test your knowledge. Whether you're a student, health enthusiast, or trivia lover, this human endocrine system quiz delivers thought-provoking endocrine system questions on glands, hormones, and regulation, while our reproductive system trivia and reproductive health quiz segment dives into cycles, anatomy, and well-being. Dive deeper with our endocrine system quiz and flip the script on biology with the reproductive system quiz. Ready to challenge yourself? Start now and see how much you know!

Which gland is responsible for secreting insulin?
Thyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. The thyroid gland produces hormones like T3 and T4, the adrenal gland secretes cortisol and catecholamines, and the pituitary regulates other endocrine glands. Dysfunction of the pancreas can lead to diabetes mellitus. Pancreas - Wikipedia
Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone resorption and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?
Insulin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Thyroxine (T4)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and enhancing renal calcium reabsorption. Calcitonin has the opposite effect, lowering blood calcium. Thyroxine and insulin are not directly involved in calcium regulation. Endocrine Society: Parathyroid Function
Which hormone released during the menstrual cycle triggers ovulation?
Estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Progesterone
A mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation and the release of a mature oocyte. FSH is involved in follicle growth, while estrogen and progesterone prepare the endometrium. The LH surge is a key signal in the menstrual cycle. NCBI Bookshelf: Ovulation
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Cortisol
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Prolactin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in renal collecting ducts. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection. Prolactin promotes milk production, and cortisol is secreted by the adrenal cortex. ADH - Wikipedia
What is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Progesterone
Testosterone
Estrogen
Testosterone is the main androgen produced by Leydig cells in the testes, essential for male secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis. Estrogen and progesterone are predominantly female sex hormones, and LH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates testosterone synthesis. Testosterone - Wikipedia
Which structure produces progesterone after ovulation?
Endometrium
Corpus luteum
Ovarian cortex
Primary follicle
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to support the endometrial lining in early pregnancy. The primary follicle is an earlier stage of folliculogenesis, and the ovarian cortex is tissue containing follicles. The endometrium is the uterine lining, not a hormone source. NCBI Bookshelf: Corpus Luteum
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose?
Cortisol
Glucagon
Insulin
Epinephrine
Insulin, secreted by pancreatic beta cells, promotes glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells, lowering blood glucose. Glucagon has the opposite effect by increasing hepatic glucose output. Cortisol and epinephrine also raise blood sugar during stress. Insulin - Wikipedia
Which thyroid hormone is more active and has greater metabolic potency?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone with higher affinity for nuclear receptors and greater metabolic effects. T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate calcium, not metabolic rate. Thyroid Hormone - Wikipedia
What hormone stimulates cortisol release from the adrenal cortex?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
ACTH from the anterior pituitary acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate cortisol synthesis and release. TSH targets the thyroid gland, GH stimulates growth, and ADH regulates water balance. ACTH - Wikipedia
Which cells in the testes are responsible for testosterone production?
Epididymal cells
Spermatogonia
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
Leydig cells, located in the interstitial space of the testes, produce testosterone when stimulated by LH. Sertoli cells support sperm development, spermatogonia are germ cells, and epididymal cells line the epididymis. Leydig Cell - Wikipedia
During the menstrual cycle, which hormone primarily drives the proliferative phase of the endometrium?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Estrogen secreted by developing ovarian follicles stimulates endometrial proliferation to prepare for possible implantation. Progesterone is more active in the secretory phase, LH triggers ovulation, and FSH promotes follicle growth. NCBI Bookshelf: Menstrual Cycle
What hormone produced by the placenta maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?
Oxytocin
Human placental lactogen (hPL)
Prolactin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
hCG is secreted by the trophoblast soon after implantation and rescues the corpus luteum, sustaining progesterone production. Prolactin and oxytocin are pituitary hormones, and hPL modulates maternal metabolism later in pregnancy. hCG - Wikipedia
Which of the following is NOT a known function of estrogen?
Increases HDL cholesterol
Promotes secondary sexual characteristics
Thickens the endometrium
Stimulates bone resorption
Estrogen actually inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation; it does thicken the endometrium, raises HDL levels, and supports female secondary sex characteristics. The distractor is opposite to its known effects on bone. NCBI Bookshelf: Estrogen Actions
Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets?
Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, which raises blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver. Beta cells secrete insulin, delta cells secrete somatostatin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Pancreatic Islets - Wikipedia
What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in males?
Maintains prostate gland function
Induces vas deferens contraction
Stimulates spermatogenesis
Stimulates testosterone secretion by Leydig cells
FSH acts on Sertoli cells in the testes to promote spermatogenesis. LH, not FSH, stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Prostate maintenance and vas deferens contraction are not direct actions of FSH. FSH - Wikipedia
Peptide hormones typically bind to which type of receptor on target cells?
Voltage-gated ion channel
G-protein-coupled receptor
Nuclear receptor
Intracellular receptor
Peptide hormones cannot cross the cell membrane and therefore bind to cell-surface receptors like G-protein-coupled receptors or receptor tyrosine kinases. Nuclear and intracellular receptors are for lipophilic steroid and thyroid hormones. Voltage-gated ion channels are not typical hormone receptors. Hormone Receptor - Wikipedia
How does cortisol modulate the immune response?
Activates complement cascade
Stimulates leukocyte proliferation
Suppresses inflammation
Enhances antibody production
Cortisol has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting cytokine production and leukocyte migration. It does not enhance antibody production or activate complement, and it typically reduces leukocyte proliferation. Cortisol - Wikipedia
Which ovarian cells convert androgens into estrogens in response to FSH?
Granulosa cells
Oocyte
Corpus luteum
Theca cells
Granulosa cells express aromatase, which converts androgens from theca cells into estrogens under FSH stimulation. Theca cells produce the androgens, oocytes are immature germ cells, and the corpus luteum forms after ovulation. Aromatase - Wikipedia
In the male hypothalamic - pituitary - testicular axis, GnRH stimulates the secretion of which pituitary hormones?
ADH and oxytocin
TSH and ACTH
Prolactin and GH
LH and FSH
GnRH from the hypothalamus triggers the anterior pituitary to release both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which regulate testosterone production and spermatogenesis. TSH, ACTH, prolactin, GH, ADH, and oxytocin are controlled by different hypothalamic signals. GnRH - Wikipedia
What is the primary mechanism of action of thyroid hormones at the cellular level?
Activating G-protein-coupled receptors
Inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
Blocking voltage-gated calcium channels
Binding nuclear receptors to regulate gene transcription
Thyroid hormones enter cells and bind to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, altering gene transcription and increasing metabolic activity. They do not act via GPCRs, ion pumps, or calcium channels directly. Thyroid Hormone Receptor - Wikipedia
Which hormone exhibits a diurnal (circadian) secretion pattern peaking in the early morning?
Thyroxine (T4)
Prolactin
Cortisol
Insulin
Cortisol secretion follows a circadian rhythm, peaking in the early morning and declining throughout the day. Thyroxine, insulin, and prolactin have different secretion patterns without a pronounced early-morning peak. Cortisol Secretion - Wikipedia
Calcitonin affects bone metabolism by which mechanism?
Promoting osteoclast differentiation
Converting osteoblasts to chondrocytes
Inhibiting osteoclast activity
Stimulating bone resorption
Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid C cells, lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. It does not promote resorption or change osteoblasts into chondrocytes. Calcitonin - Wikipedia
Which enzyme catalyzes the aromatization of androgens to estrogens?
5-alpha-reductase
17?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Steroid sulfatase
Aromatase
Aromatase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that converts androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively. 5-alpha-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, and the other enzymes have different roles in steroid metabolism. Aromatase - Wikipedia
Mutations in which gene are associated with Kallmann syndrome, characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia?
GNRH1
SOX9
KAL1
SRY
KAL1 encodes anosmin-1, crucial for GnRH neuron migration; mutations lead to Kallmann syndrome with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. SRY and SOX9 are involved in sex determination, and GNRH1 encodes GnRH itself. NCBI GeneReviews: Kallmann Syndrome
In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which typical hormonal pattern is often observed?
Decreased LH:FSH ratio
Increased sex hormone-binding globulin levels
Elevated LH:FSH ratio
Low androgen levels
PCOS often features an elevated LH to FSH ratio (>2:1), insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. SHBG levels are typically low, and androgen levels are high rather than low. NCBI Bookshelf: PCOS
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Key Hormones -

    Understand the major hormones of the endocrine and reproductive system, including their sources and primary functions in maintaining homeostasis.

  2. Describe Pituitary Functions -

    Explain the role of pituitary-secreted hormones and how they regulate other endocrine glands within the human endocrine system quiz framework.

  3. Distinguish Ovarian Cycle Phases -

    Differentiate between the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases, highlighting hormonal fluctuations and their impact on reproductive health quiz scenarios.

  4. Analyze Hormonal Interactions -

    Examine feedback loops and interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and target organs to answer endocrine system questions accurately.

  5. Apply Knowledge to Clinical Contexts -

    Use reproductive system trivia and endocrine and reproductive system concepts to interpret case studies and real-world diagnostic questions.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Anterior Pituitary Hormone Mnemonic (FLAT PEG) -

    Use "FLAT PEG" to recall anterior pituitary hormones: Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, ACTH, TSH are tropic, while Prolactin, Endorphins, and Growth hormone act directly. This trick will help you breeze through human endocrine system quiz and endocrine system questions.

  2. Hormone Classification and Signaling -

    Know the difference between peptide hormones (e.g., insulin) that bind membrane receptors and use second messengers like cAMP, and steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol) that enter cells and alter gene transcription. Remember "lipid loves lipid" to recall that steroid hormones are lipophilic. Mastering this distinction is a must for endocrine and reproductive system quizzes.

  3. Feedback Regulation Mechanisms -

    Understand negative feedback (e.g., high cortisol inhibits CRH/ACTH in the HPA axis) and positive feedback (e.g., estradiol surge triggers LH release at ovulation). Visualize the loops to answer reproductive system trivia confidently. Drawing simple arrow diagrams can reinforce how hormone levels rise and fall.

  4. Ovarian and Uterine Cycle Phases -

    Break down the ovarian cycle into follicular (FSH-driven follicle growth), ovulation (LH surge), and luteal (corpus luteum secretes progesterone) phases, while correlating with the menstrual cycle's proliferative, secretory, and menstrual stages. Mnemonic: "Follicle, Release, Luteal - Proliferate, Secret, Shed." This clarity will shine in your reproductive health quiz.

  5. Male HPG Axis and Spermatogenesis -

    Trace the HPG axis: GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates LH and FSH release from the pituitary, which act on Leydig cells to produce testosterone and on Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis. Recall "Go Find Large Testes" to remember: GnRH→FSH→LH→Testosterone. A solid grasp will boost your reproductive system trivia score.

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