NSB Practice Quiz: Ace the Questions

A solid has a definite shape and volume because its particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement. This contrasts with liquids, gases, and plasma where the arrangement is more fluid.

The scientific method begins with asking a question based on observations. This step lays the groundwork for forming a hypothesis and designing subsequent experiments.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties. Molecules and compounds are made of atoms bonded together, while cells are basic units of life.

Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its motion. The other forms mentioned are examples of stored or transformed energy rather than the energy of movement.

Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, which supplies energy to the cell. They are often termed the powerhouse of the cell, unlike chloroplasts, which are mainly responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

Newton's first law, or the law of inertia, states that an object in motion continues in a straight line at constant speed unless an external force acts on it. This principle explains why objects resist changes in their state of motion.

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA. This process is crucial for cell function, as proteins are essential for structure, function, and regulation within the body.

A nonpolar covalent bond involves the equal sharing of electrons between atoms. In contrast, ionic bonds involve electron transfer and polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing, while hydrogen bonds are a type of weak attraction between molecules.

Chloroplasts convert sunlight into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. This process produces the sugars needed for growth and produces oxygen as a byproduct.

Producers, such as plants, synthesize their own food using sunlight and inorganic materials. They form the foundation of the food web by supplying energy to other trophic levels.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, which is denoted by the chemical formula H2O. This simple structure is essential for many biochemical reactions in living organisms.

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, forming the bulk of stars and interstellar matter. Its prevalence makes it the most common chemical building block in cosmic structures.

A neutral solution has a pH value of 7, indicating that it is neither acidic nor basic. pH values below 7 are acidic while values above 7 are basic, making 7 the midpoint of the pH scale.

Force is measured in Newtons, a unit named after Sir Isaac Newton for his contributions to classical mechanics. Other units like Joule, Watt, and Pascal measure energy, power, and pressure respectively.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert sugars into ATP, releasing energy for cellular functions. This aerobic process requires oxygen and is distinct from anaerobic processes like fermentation.

Using Newton's second law (F = ma), the acceleration can be calculated by dividing the net force by the mass. Here, 50 N divided by 10 kg gives an acceleration of 5 m/s².

According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the pressure favors the side of the reaction with fewer gas molecules. In this reaction, forming ammonia reduces the total number of gas molecules, thus shifting the equilibrium to the right.

Astronauts experience weightlessness because they, along with their spacecraft, are in continuous free fall towards Earth. This free-fall condition creates a state where the gravitational pull is not felt as weight.

Sedimentary rocks form from the gradual accumulation of sediment that is compacted and cemented over time. This process is distinct from the formation of igneous or metamorphic rocks, which involve melting or pressure and heat-induced changes.

Polygenic inheritance refers to traits that are controlled by several genes, each contributing to the phenotype. This differs from simple Mendelian inheritance, which usually deals with single-gene traits.