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North Carolina Biology EOC Practice Quiz

Ace your NC biology review with practice tests

Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Grade 11
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art depicting trivia for NC Bio EOC Blitz, a high school biology practice quiz.

Easy
What is considered the basic unit of life?
Tissue
Organ System
Organ
Cell
The cell is the smallest living unit that performs all necessary life functions. Tissues, organs, and organ systems are composed of cells working together.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria generate most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP. Other organelles have distinct roles unrelated to energy production.
What is the main process by which plants produce energy?
Digestion
Mitosis
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy, enabling plants to produce their own food. The other processes are not primarily involved in energy production from sunlight.
Which of the following biomolecules is made up of amino acids?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The other biomolecules consist of different types of building blocks.
Where is the genetic material primarily found in a eukaryotic cell?
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus houses the DNA, making it the center of genetic storage. Other cell parts perform functions such as energy production or material transport.
Medium
Which process best describes the division of a eukaryotic cell resulting in two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Budding
Binary fission
Mitosis is the process wherein a single eukaryotic cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. The other division methods do not produce identical copies in this context.
What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?
ATP production
Lipid metabolism
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins, making them essential for protein synthesis. The other processes are carried out by different cellular components.
In terms of structure, what component makes up the majority of a cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Steroids
The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer that forms a semi-permeable barrier. Although proteins and carbohydrates are present, they are secondary in structure.
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
M phase
G2 phase
G1 phase
S phase
During the S phase, the cell replicates its DNA in preparation for division. Other phases focus on cell growth, preparation, or the actual division process.
What term describes the change in frequency of genotypes within a population over time?
Evolution
Osmosis
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Evolution refers to the change in genetic composition of a population over successive generations. Homeostasis, osmosis, and metabolism pertain to different physiological processes.
Which process involves the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane?
Diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Osmosis is the specific process of water moving across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. The other processes involve the movement of substances but not specifically water in this manner.
In genetics, what is the term for one version of a gene?
Allele
Phenotype
Chromosome
Genotype
An allele is one variant form of a gene found at a particular locus on a chromosome. The terms genotype and phenotype refer to the genetic makeup of an organism and its observable traits, respectively.
Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy?
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells. Other organelles serve different purposes such as energy conversion or storage.
Which of the following best describes a mutation?
A phenomenon of physical growth
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
A process of natural selection
A repair mechanism in the cell
A mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence, which can introduce genetic variability. It is not a process designed to repair DNA, select traits, or stimulate physical growth.
Which mechanism during meiosis is crucial for increasing genetic diversity?
Binary fission
Crossing over
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis and allows homologous chromosomes to exchange segments, creating new allele combinations. The other processes do not contribute significantly to genetic diversity.
Hard
During cellular respiration, which step produces the majority of ATP molecules?
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Fermentation
The electron transport chain, through oxidative phosphorylation, produces the majority of ATP during cellular respiration. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle generate ATP in much smaller amounts.
How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
By favoring traits that improve survival and reproduction
By randomly altering genetic codes
By encouraging equal reproduction among all individuals
By eliminating all genetic variation
Natural selection enhances evolution by favoring organisms with traits that improve survival and reproductive success. It is a non-random process that leads to adaptive changes in populations over time.
In a food web, if a keystone species is removed, what is most likely to occur?
A stabilization of the ecosystem due to reduced competition
A single species replacing the keystone species with no impact
An immediate increase in population sizes of all species
A disruption in community structure leading to decreased biodiversity
Keystone species have a disproportionate effect on their environment relative to their abundance. Removing one can disrupt ecosystem balance and lead to cascading effects that reduce biodiversity.
If a sample of a pure substance experiences a sudden increase in temperature, how are its atoms most likely affected?
They become more orderly and move closer together
They become charged and form ions
They vibrate faster and may move further apart
They remain completely static due to constant bonds
An increase in temperature increases kinetic energy, causing atoms to vibrate more rapidly and move further apart. This effect is a result of thermal expansion, not a change in ionic charge or static behavior.
Which concept best explains why two different species might develop similar traits, such as wings for flight?
Mutualism
Convergent evolution
Genetic drift
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution describes the process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures. In contrast, divergent evolution and genetic drift describe different evolutionary processes, and mutualism refers to species interactions.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand key biological concepts essential for end-of-course exam success.
  2. Analyze experimental data and biological relationships within systems.
  3. Apply critical thinking to solve complex biology problems.
  4. Evaluate the impact of cellular processes on overall organism function.
  5. Synthesize information to make informed predictions about biological outcomes.

Biology NC EOC Review Cheat Sheet

  1. Cell Structure and Function - Ever wondered how a cell keeps itself running? Explore how the nucleus acts as the command center, mitochondria crank out energy, and ribosomes build proteins that make life possible. See clear diagrams and practice questions to lock in these essentials. NCES Biology Standards
  2. center.ncsu.edu
  3. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - Enjoy the sunshine! Learn how plants transform light into sugar in photosynthesis, then follow the journey as cells break down that sugar to release energy in respiration. Interactive flowcharts will help you master these energy cycles. IXL NC Biology Skills
  4. ixl.com
  5. Genetics and Heredity - Dive into the blueprint of life by studying how genes and alleles dictate traits from sharp blue eyes to curly hair. Practice Punnett squares to predict offspring traits and strengthen your grasp on dominant vs. recessive alleles. Flashcards and quizzes make inheritance patterns a breeze. Knowt EOC Guide
  6. knowt.com
  7. DNA Structure and Function - Peek into the twisted ladder of DNA and discover how it codes for every protein your body needs. Learn about base pairing, replication, and how tiny errors can create big changes. Animations and practice problems will make the double helix feel like second nature. IXL NC Biology Skills
  8. ixl.com
  9. Evolution and Natural Selection - Travel through time to see how species adapt, survive, or vanish through natural selection. Understand variation, competition, and how environments shape life over generations. Engaging examples from Darwin's finches to antibiotic resistance keep theory exciting. IXL NC Biology Skills
  10. ixl.com
  11. Ecosystems and Energy Flow - Dive into ponds, forests, and deserts to map out food chains and webs. Learn how energy funnels from sun to producer to apex predator, and why keystone species matter. Real-world case studies will help you visualize how ecosystems stay in balance. IXL NC Biology Skills
  12. ixl.com
  13. Human Impact on the Environment - Investigate how pollution, deforestation, and climate change disrupt natural balance. Examine conservation strategies and sustainable practices that can help heal our planet. Interactive scenarios will let you test solutions and see real-world effects. NCES Biology Standards
  14. center.ncsu.edu
  15. Biological Molecules - Get to know carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids - your body's molecular building blocks. Learn their structures, functions, and how they interact in metabolism. Hands‑on activities will have you matching structures to functions in no time. IXL NC Biology Skills
  16. ixl.com
  17. Cell Division - Zoom in on mitosis and meiosis to see how cells duplicate or produce gametes. Practice labeling each stage and discover why accurate chromosome separation is crucial for life. Animated videos and practice quizzes will reinforce every step. IXL NC Biology Skills
  18. ixl.com
  19. Scientific Method - Master the process behind every great experiment, from hypothesis to conclusion. Learn how to design experiments, control variables, and interpret data like a pro. Interactive labs and real examples will sharpen your analytical skills. Quizlet EOC Flash Cards
  20. quizlet.com
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