Subtracting 3 from both sides yields 2x = 8, and dividing by 2 gives x = 4. This step-by-step process confirms that 4 is the correct solution.

A prime number has exactly two distinct positive divisors: 1 and itself. The number 2 is the only even prime, making it the correct choice.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which is represented by the chemical formula H2O. This basic chemical symbol is widely recognized.

Mars is called the Red Planet because of its reddish appearance, which is due to iron oxide on its surface. This fact about Mars is a commonly taught concept in astronomy.

The word 'quickly' modifies the verb 'ran' by describing how the action was performed, which makes it an adverb. This determination is fundamental to understanding basic sentence structure.

Factoring the quadratic equation factors into (x - 2)(x - 3) = 0, which gives the solutions x = 2 and x = 3. This approach demonstrates a standard method for solving quadratic equations.

By substituting x = 3 into the function f(x) = 2x + 5, we calculate f(3) = 2(3) + 5 = 11, making 11 the correct answer. This tests basic function evaluation skills.

Newton's First Law, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object in motion remains in motion until acted upon by an external force. This explains the forward lurch experienced when a moving car decelerates abruptly.

Halogens are found in Group 17 of the periodic table, and fluorine is one of the elements in that group. This question tests understanding of the periodic classification of elements.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they produce ATP, which is essential for energy. This function is critical to many cellular activities.

The word 'amiable' means friendly and good-natured, making it the best fit for a demeanor that instills trust. The other options do not convey the same positive quality.

The U.S. Constitution famously opens with 'We the People,' highlighting the role of the citizenry in the formation of the government. This phrase is a hallmark of American democratic principles.

Converting the decimal number 10 to binary results in 1010, using the base-2 number system. This conversion is a basic concept in computer science.

An increase in demand while supply remains constant typically causes prices to rise due to the competition among consumers. This principle is a fundamental concept in economics.

Asia is the largest continent in terms of land area and population. This geographic fact is essential for understanding global scale and distribution.

The expression (1 + 1/n)^n approaches the constant e as n tends to infinity. This limit is a fundamental concept in calculus and helps define the number e.

In a parallel circuit, the effective resistance is reduced because multiple current paths are available, making it lower than the smallest individual resistor. This behavior is a key characteristic of parallel resistor configurations.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle asserts that each electron in an atom must have a unique set of quantum numbers. This principle is fundamental in understanding the electron configuration of atoms.

Crossing over during meiosis involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, which leads to genetic variation. This process is essential for ensuring diversity among sexually reproducing organisms.

Foreshadowing is a literary device used by authors to hint at future plot developments. It prepares the reader for what is to come and creates suspense within the narrative.