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Quizzes > High School Quizzes > Science

AP Biology Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz

Ace your test with cellular respiration practice insights

Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Grade 12
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art depicting a trivia quiz on cellular respiration for high school biology students.

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
To carry out photosynthesis
To synthesize proteins
To produce ATP energy by breaking down glucose
To store energy as glucose
Cellular respiration converts glucose into ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. It breaks down glucose, releasing energy that is captured in ATP molecules. This process is essential for powering cellular functions.
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
In the nucleus
In the cytoplasm
In the chloroplast
In the mitochondria
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. This is the first step of cellular respiration and does not require the mitochondria.
Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
NADH
Water
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain and combines with electrons and protons to form water. This step is crucial for maintaining the flow of electrons and enabling ATP production.
During which stage of cellular respiration is NADH produced directly from the breakdown of glucose?
During glycolysis
During the citric acid cycle
During oxidative phosphorylation
During the electron transport chain
NADH is produced during glycolysis when NAD+ is reduced as glucose is broken down into pyruvate. This step occurs in the cytoplasm and is independent of the mitochondrial processes that follow.
What is fermentation in the context of cellular respiration?
A method for ATP production using oxygen
A process that fully oxidizes glucose
An anaerobic process that regenerates NAD+ from NADH
A light-dependent reaction
Fermentation is an anaerobic process that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. It produces only a small amount of ATP compared to aerobic respiration.
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
ATP production through the electron transport chain
The process of adding substrates to enzymes
The synthesis of glucose from ATP
The direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated substrate
Substrate-level phosphorylation involves a direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to ADP. This process occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and does not involve the electron transport chain.
In the citric acid cycle, which molecule is considered the primary carrier of electrons?
CO2
NAD+
FAD
ATP
NAD+ is the main electron carrier in the citric acid cycle, accepting high-energy electrons and becoming NADH. Although FAD also participates, its contribution is secondary compared to NAD+.
How many net ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis under normal conditions?
32
2
36
4
Glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules but uses 2 ATP molecules, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP. This net yield is a key component of the energy production process in cells.
What is the primary role of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?
It drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis
It directly generates NADH
It breaks down glucose
It transports electrons between complexes
The proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive ATP synthesis through the process of chemiosmosis. This gradient provides the energy needed by ATP synthase to convert ADP into ATP.
What is the significance of the chemiosmotic theory in cellular respiration?
It describes the direct transfer of electrons to oxygen
It focuses solely on substrate-level phosphorylation
It explains how ATP is produced using a proton gradient
It outlines only the steps of glycolysis
The chemiosmotic theory explains that the energy from electron transport is used to create a proton gradient, which in turn drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. This theory fundamentally changed our understanding of how cells harness energy.
Besides ATP, which of the following are products of aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
NADH and FADH2
Water and carbon dioxide
Lactic acid and ethanol
Aerobic respiration produces water and carbon dioxide as by-products during the complete oxidation of glucose. These by-products are the result of oxygen being used as the final electron acceptor.
How does oxidative phosphorylation differ from substrate-level phosphorylation?
It does not produce any ATP
It occurs solely in the cytoplasm
It involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP by harnessing energy from the electron transport chain via chemiosmosis. In contrast, substrate-level phosphorylation produces ATP directly through the transfer of a phosphate group, bypassing the electron transport chain.
What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen during cellular respiration?
It is completely converted into ATP
It is converted into acetyl-CoA
It is stored for future energy needs
It is fermented into lactic acid
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl-CoA. This acetyl-CoA then enters the citric acid cycle for further oxidation, leading to ATP production.
Which enzyme complex is inhibited by cyanide, thereby halting ATP production during aerobic respiration?
ATP synthase (complex V)
Succinate dehydrogenase (complex II)
NADH dehydrogenase (complex I)
Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV)
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from being transferred to oxygen. This inhibition stops the proton pumping necessary for ATP synthesis, ultimately halting energy production.
What primarily determines the rate of electron flow through the electron transport chain?
The number of mitochondria alone
The availability of ADP and oxygen
The amount of glucose in the blood
The concentration of lactic acid
The rate of electron flow in the electron transport chain is mainly determined by the availability of ADP and oxygen. When these substrates are abundant, the chain can operate efficiently to generate ATP.
How does the regulation of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) affect glycolysis?
It acts as a rate-limiting enzyme and is inhibited by high ATP levels
It is activated by high NADH levels
It is not regulated and remains constantly active
It is regulated by oxygen concentration
PFK-1 is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis and determines the pathway's overall rate. High levels of ATP inhibit PFK-1 via feedback inhibition, ensuring that glycolysis does not proceed unchecked when energy is abundant.
In mitochondria, how does the proton motive force directly contribute to ATP synthesis?
It provides the energy needed by ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP
It causes the mitochondrial membrane to break down
It oxidizes NADH to produce ATP
It directly phosphorylates ADP without any enzymatic action
The proton motive force generated by the electron transport chain drives protons through ATP synthase. This flow releases energy that ATP synthase uses to convert ADP into ATP, making it a crucial element of oxidative phosphorylation.
How do uncoupling proteins affect the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation?
They dissipate the proton gradient, reducing ATP production efficiency
They directly generate ATP without using the gradient
They increase the proton gradient, enhancing ATP production
They bind oxygen to accelerate the electron transport chain
Uncoupling proteins enable protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix without passing through ATP synthase. This bypass of the ATP-producing complex dissipates the proton gradient as heat, thereby reducing the efficiency of ATP production.
What adaptive advantage does a cell gain by utilizing both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
It ensures ATP production under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions
It reduces the dependence on mitochondrial proteins
It allows cells to store large quantities of ATP for long-term use
It increases the rate of fermentation exclusively
By employing both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, cells can produce ATP efficiently in varying conditions. Substrate-level phosphorylation provides energy in anaerobic conditions, while oxidative phosphorylation yields a higher ATP output in aerobic conditions.
Beyond the electron transport chain, what is the main role of coenzymes like NAD+ in cellular respiration?
They function as enzymes that catalyze glucose breakdown
They serve primarily as structural components in mitochondrial membranes
They act as carriers of hydrogen atoms in various catabolic reactions
They are used exclusively to drive the citric acid cycle
Coenzymes such as NAD+ play a critical role by accepting electrons and hydrogen ions during key metabolic reactions. This transfer is essential for moving energy from the oxidation of carbon compounds to the electron transport chain for ATP production.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Analyze the steps of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
  2. Evaluate the role of ATP in energy metabolism.
  3. Understand the interrelationship between oxygen consumption and cellular respiration.
  4. Apply biochemical principles to assess the impact of enzyme regulation on energy production.
  5. Synthesize how disruptions in cellular respiration can affect overall cellular function.

AP Bio Cellular Respiration Cheat Sheet

  1. Overall Equation of Cellular Respiration - This magical formula C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP is basically the cellular energy recipe. It tells you how glucose and oxygen team up to create carbon dioxide, water, and the energy currency ATP, powering everything from thinking to jumping. Keep this equation in your back pocket as your go‑to summary of the process. Cellular Respiration - Biology LibreTexts
  2. Three Main Stages of Respiration - Cellular respiration runs in three acts: Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle), and the Electron Transport Chain. Glycolysis cracks glucose in half, the Krebs Cycle squeezes out high‑energy electrons, and the Electron Transport Chain turns that electron power into an ATP extravaganza. Think of each stage as a fun checkpoint in your cell's energy marathon! Cellular Respiration - Biology LibreTexts
  3. Key Products of Each Stage - Every stage delivers its own loot: Glycolysis nets 2 ATP and 2 NADH, the Krebs Cycle scores 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2, and the Electron Transport Chain pumps out about 34 ATP. These molecular paychecks keep your cells running like well‑oiled machines. Memorize these numbers to predict your cell's energy budget! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
  4. Electron Carriers NAD+ and FAD - NAD+ and FAD are like rechargeable batteries that shuttle electrons from earlier stages to the Electron Transport Chain. They grab energy during Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle, then hand it off for the big ATP payoff. Without these carriers, your cellular power grid would collapse! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
  5. Oxygen as the Final Electron Acceptor - Oxygen swoops in at the end of the Electron Transport Chain, grabbing spent electrons to form water. This final handshake is crucial - no oxygen, no water, no ATP cascade. Remember: oxygen is the VIP at the end of the electron party! Cellular Respiration - Biology LibreTexts
  6. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration - Aerobic respiration needs oxygen and yields a hefty ATP haul, while anaerobic respiration makes do without oxygen and only scores a small ATP bonus plus byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol. It's like choosing between a gourmet feast and a quick snack. Know which pathway kicks in based on oxygen availability! Overview of Cellular Respiration - Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration
  7. Fermentation and NAD+ Regeneration - When oxygen's on vacation, fermentation steps up to recharge NAD+ so Glycolysis can keep rolling. This backup plan produces lactic acid in muscles or ethanol in yeast, ensuring you still get a bit of energy. Fermentation is your cell's emergency generator under anaerobic conditions! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
  8. Chemiosmosis and Proton Gradients - As electrons zip through the chain, protons are pumped across the membrane, creating a gradient like water behind a dam. ATP synthase lets those protons flow back and spins out ATP, turning potential energy into real power. Chemiosmosis is the coolest "turbine" in your cellular factory! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
  9. Mitochondria - The Powerhouse - Mitochondria host the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain, earning them the nickname "powerhouse of the cell." Their double membrane and inner folds maximize ATP output. Visualize mitochondria as mini power plants buzzing inside every cell! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
  10. Regulation and Feedback Mechanisms - Cells tweak respiration rates through feedback loops: high ATP levels slow the process, while low energy ramps it up. Enzymes like phosphofructokinase act as molecular sensors to keep energy production in balance. Understanding regulation helps you see how cells avoid energy waste and stay efficient! Key Concepts of Cellular Respiration Process to Know for AP Biology
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