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Quizzes > High School Quizzes > Science

Cell Respiration Practice Quiz

Master key concepts for exam success

Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Grade 10
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art depicting a trivia quiz on cellular respiration for high school biology students.

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
Storing carbon dioxide
Breaking down proteins
Producing ATP
Producing glucose
Cellular respiration converts nutrients into ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. This process is essential for powering various cellular activities.
In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily occur in eukaryotic cells?
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the ATP. Cellular respiration occurs mostly in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
What is the first step of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
Calvin cycle
Electron transport chain
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration where glucose is split into pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm and sets the stage for further energy extraction.
During cellular respiration, which molecule is the main carrier of electrons in the electron transport chain?
ATP
FADH2
NADH
CO2
NADH is the primary electron carrier responsible for transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. Its role is essential for driving the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Which process produces the majority of ATP during cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
The electron transport chain generates the majority of ATP by using a proton gradient to drive ATP synthase. This phase of cellular respiration is highly efficient compared to earlier steps.
Which step of cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct when acetyl-CoA is oxidized. This step is vital for eliminating carbon waste from the cell during respiration.
In the context of cellular respiration, what role does oxygen play?
Inhibitor of the Krebs cycle
Catalyst for ATP synthase
Final electron acceptor
Fuel for glycolysis
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is crucial for maintaining electron flow. Without oxygen, the chain would back up, severely reducing ATP production.
During glycolysis, what is the net production of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?
4 ATP
2 ATP
6 ATP
8 ATP
Glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, but 2 ATP are consumed during the process, leading to a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule. This net gain is crucial for the cell's energy balance.
Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
They are used to phosphorylate ADP
They act as enzymes
They transport electrons to the electron transport chain
They break down glucose
NADH and FADH2 serve as electron carriers that deliver electrons to the electron transport chain. This transfer of electrons is essential to drive ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in eukaryotic cells?
On the outer mitochondrial membrane
In the cytoplasm
In the endoplasmic reticulum
In the mitochondrial matrix
The Krebs cycle occurs within the mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotic cells. This location supports the necessary reactions for oxidizing acetyl-CoA and producing vital electron carriers.
Which molecule is produced directly as a result of glycolysis that enters the Krebs cycle?
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
NADH
Pyruvate is the direct product of glycolysis before it is converted into acetyl-CoA for the Krebs cycle. This conversion is a key step linking glycolysis to aerobic respiration.
Which process occurs when oxygen is absent, allowing cells to produce energy through conversion of pyruvate into lactate?
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation allows cells to generate ATP without oxygen by converting pyruvate into lactate. This process regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue producing energy even under anaerobic conditions.
What is the net gain of ATP during aerobic respiration per molecule of glucose including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (approximate value)?
36-38 ATP
10-12 ATP
20-22 ATP
50-52 ATP
Aerobic respiration yields approximately 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule. This total includes the ATP generated from glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of the electron transport chain?
Glucose
Cyanide
Pyruvate
Lactic acid
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a vital enzyme in the electron transport chain. This inhibition stops electron flow, thereby halting ATP production and demonstrating the chain's vulnerability to toxins.
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
ATP synthase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, bridging glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. This step is critical for the continuation of aerobic respiration and efficient energy production.
How does the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drive ATP synthesis?
The gradient degrades unneeded electrons to release energy
The gradient directly converts ADP to ATP without any intermediate reaction
Protons flow through ATP synthase, causing phosphorylation of ADP
Protons directly react with ADP to form ATP
The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain forces protons to flow through ATP synthase. This flow drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, illustrating the process of chemiosmotic coupling.
Which factor can significantly affect the efficiency of the electron transport chain?
The amount of mitochondrial DNA
The integrity of the mitochondrial membrane
The presence of nuclear pores
The size of the nucleus
The efficiency of the electron transport chain is highly dependent on the intact structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Any damage to this membrane can disrupt the proton gradient, thereby reducing ATP production.
Why is the conversion of NADH to ATP more efficient than that of FADH2 to ATP?
NADH enters the electron transport chain at an earlier stage, resulting in more proton pumping
FADH2 is used only in glycolysis
NADH is larger than FADH2
FADH2 is not involved in proton pumping
NADH feeds electrons into the electron transport chain at an earlier point than FADH2, allowing for more proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This results in a higher yield of ATP compared to FADH2.
Which alternative metabolic pathway allows certain cells to generate ATP when oxygen is limited, and what is a key byproduct?
Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactate
Alcoholic fermentation produces lactate
Lactic acid fermentation produces ethanol
Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by muscle cells under low oxygen conditions to produce ATP, with lactate as a key byproduct. This process regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue, albeit less efficiently than aerobic respiration.
How does the regulation of cellular respiration ensure that energy production meets the cell's needs?
Constant activity regardless of cellular conditions
Regulation solely by oxygen levels
Feedback inhibition by ATP concentration
Activation by carbon dioxide accumulation
Cells use feedback inhibition, where high ATP levels inhibit key enzymes involved in cellular respiration. This regulation maintains energy production that aligns with the cell's actual energy demands.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand the key processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
  2. Analyze the role of ATP production and its importance in cellular energy management.
  3. Apply the principles of cellular respiration to identify how cells convert nutrients into energy.
  4. Evaluate the impact of oxygen availability on the efficiency of cellular respiration.
  5. Explain the interrelationship between cellular respiration and overall cell function.

Cell Respiration Test Review Cheat Sheet

  1. Master the Cellular Respiration Equation - The core reaction C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP shows how cells turn sugar and oxygen into energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Memorize this formula so it becomes second nature - you'll spot it in practice questions and essays! CliffsNotes Study Notes
    2. CliffsNotes Study Notes
  2. Know the Three Main Stages - Cellular respiration breaks glucose down in three acts: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Each stage has its own setting and cast of molecules that work together to pump out ATP. Picture it like a three-level power plant where the product of one stage fuels the next! Fiveable Key Concepts
    3. Fiveable Key Concepts
  3. Glycolysis Basics - Happening in the cytoplasm, glycolysis doesn't need oxygen and splits one glucose into two pyruvate molecules. You'll net 2 ATP and 2 NADH here - think of it as your anaerobic starter pack. If oxygen's scarce, glycolysis keeps the mini-ATP factory running! Fiveable Key Concepts
    4. Fiveable Key Concepts
  4. Krebs Cycle Role - Inside the mitochondrial matrix, acetyl-CoA enters a cycle that spins out 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH₂ per glucose while releasing CO₂ as waste. Think of it as the heart of your cell's energy currency exchange. Each turn adds more "fuel" for the final electrifying act! Fiveable Key Concepts
    5. Fiveable Key Concepts
  5. Electron Transport Chain Essentials - Locked in the inner mitochondrial membrane, a series of complexes transfer electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to oxygen, forming water. This electron flow pumps protons to create a gradient - like water building behind a dam - ready to drive ATP synthesis. It's the grand finale where most ATP is made! Fiveable Key Concepts
    6. Fiveable Key Concepts
  6. ATP Synthase Function - This amazing enzyme sits in the inner membrane and harnesses the proton gradient to churn out ATP from ADP and Pi. Imagine a tiny turbine spinning as protons rush past - that spin powers the chemical milling machine that makes ATP. Without ATP synthase, the whole energy show stalls! Fiveable Key Concepts
    7. Fiveable Key Concepts
  7. NAD❺ & FAD Carriers - These coenzymes shuttle high‑energy electrons through the chain, with NAD❺ becoming NADH and FAD turning into FADH₂. They're like tiny FedEx trucks delivering electron "packages" to the ETC complexes. Keeping track of these carriers is key on test day! Fiveable Key Concepts
    8. Fiveable Key Concepts
  8. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic - Aerobic respiration needs oxygen and yields up to ~36 ATP per glucose, while anaerobic pathways (no O₂) give just 2 ATP and produce lactic acid or ethanol. It's like comparing a high‑speed train to a slow bicycle - one's massively more efficient but needs the right conditions. Know both pathways to tackle any scenario! Fiveable Key Concepts
    9. Fiveable Key Concepts
  9. Fermentation Process - When oxygen runs out, cells recycle NADH back to NAD❺ through fermentation so glycolysis can keep going. In muscle cells you get lactic acid (hello, that post‑sprint burn!), and yeast churns out ethanol and CO₂. It's an emergency backup that keeps the mini‑ATP factory humming without air. Fiveable Key Concepts
    10. Fiveable Key Concepts
  10. Mitochondria Structure - The "powerhouses" have two membranes: an outer shell and a folded inner membrane (cristae) where the ETC and ATP synthase live. The matrix inside hosts the Krebs cycle enzymes. Think of mitochondria as a multi‑tiered energy factory, with each compartment running a different shift! Fiveable Key Concepts
    11. Fiveable Key Concepts
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