The standard way to include a header from the C++ standard library is to use angle brackets. This tells the compiler to look for the header in the standard directories.

In C++, 'int' is the correct keyword for declaring an integer variable. Variables must be declared with the appropriate data type which is case-sensitive.

The main() function is defined to return an integer value, which usually represents the exit status of the program. Returning 0 indicates successful execution.

The arrow operator (->) is used to access members of a structure or class via a pointer. It combines dereferencing and member access into one operator.

The declaration 'using namespace std;' lets programmers use standard library names without qualifying them with 'std::'. This simplifies the code, although it may lead to naming conflicts in larger projects.

Using 'const int' before the variable name declares a constant integer in C++. Although macros can be used to define constants, they are not variable declarations and don't offer type safety.

Multiplication has a higher precedence than addition. Therefore, 3 * 2 is calculated first yielding 6, and then 5 is added to produce 11.

A for loop is designed to handle a predetermined number of iterations efficiently. It combines initialization, condition checking, and increment in a single concise statement.

The 'char' data type is specifically intended for storing single characters. While a string can hold multiple characters, 'char' is the optimal choice when only one character is needed.

Returning 0 from main() is a convention that signals successful execution of the program. This return value provides a status code to the operating system.

The syntax 'new int[10]' dynamically allocates an array of 10 integers in C++. It returns a pointer to the first element of the array.

Function overloading allows the use of the same function name in the same scope, provided the parameter lists differ. This leads to more intuitive code and better reusability.

Classes group data and functions together, enforcing encapsulation which is a major principle of object-oriented programming. This structure improves modularity and promotes code reuse.

The declaration 'int& ref = num;' correctly creates a reference to the integer variable num. The ampersand (&) is essential as it indicates that ref is an alias, not a separate copy.

RAII is an idiom in C++ that ties resource management to object lifetime. When an object goes out of scope, its destructor is called to free resources, thereby reducing memory leaks.

The 'override' keyword explicitly indicates that a function is meant to override a virtual function in a base class. This enables the compiler to check for signature mismatches, ensuring correct behavior in inheritance hierarchies.

Templates enable generic programming by allowing functions and classes to work with any data type. This leads to increased reusability and type safety without sacrificing performance.

Raw pointers require explicit management of memory, and if developers forget to free allocated memory, it results in memory leaks. Modern C++ introduces smart pointers to mitigate these risks.

Operator overloading lets programmers specify how operators work with user-defined types, making them behave similarly to fundamental types. This feature helps create intuitive and readable code when working with complex data structures.

Iterators abstract the process of traversing through container elements regardless of the container type. They help in writing generic algorithms that work seamlessly with various STL containers.