Chemistry Unit 3 Practice Quiz

Mitochondria produce ATP and are known as the powerhouse of the cell. They generate the energy required for various cellular activities.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. It uses sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.

Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life. This principle is foundational in understanding biology.

DNA carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction. It contains the blueprint for an organism's structure and function.

Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives plants their green color and plays a crucial role in absorbing light for photosynthesis. It is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy.

Carbon is the fundamental building block of organic molecules due to its ability to form multiple stable bonds with other elements. This makes it essential for the structure of all living organisms.

Cellular respiration converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP, which is used as the primary energy currency in cells. Without ATP, cells could not power essential biological functions.

During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each new daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Enzyme activity is highly influenced by temperature and pH levels. Deviations from an enzyme's optimal conditions can reduce its effectiveness or even denature it.

Herbivores feed directly on plants and are therefore considered primary consumers. They convert the energy stored in plants into a form that is accessible to higher trophic levels.

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pairs of electrons, which allows them to achieve a stable electron configuration. This type of bond is crucial in forming the complex molecules found in living organisms.

The Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for any trait separate during the formation of gametes so that each gamete carries only one allele. This principle is fundamental to understanding Mendelian genetics.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They translate messenger RNA into polypeptide chains by linking amino acids together.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This mechanism leads to evolutionary changes over many generations as populations adapt to their environments.

Pure water has a neutral pH of 7 at room temperature (25°C). This neutrality is essential for many biochemical processes in living organisms.

NADH is produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, carrying high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. These electrons are used to create a proton gradient that ultimately drives the synthesis of ATP.

A point mutation involves a substitution of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. This change can be silent or may result in a different amino acid, potentially affecting protein function.

Water is split during the light-dependent reactions in a process called photolysis, which donates electrons to the photosynthetic electron transport chain. This process also produces oxygen as a byproduct.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals an environment can support over the long term. It is determined by factors such as resource availability, habitat space, and environmental conditions.

Le Chatelier's principle states that if a change is imposed on a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust to counteract that change. Increasing the substrate concentration pushes the reaction forward, increasing the rate until a new equilibrium is established.