The Spanish-American War marked a turning point in U.S. foreign policy by establishing the nation as an imperial power. It led to the acquisition of overseas territories, setting the stage for further expansion.

Theodore Roosevelt earned a reputation for aggressively breaking up monopolies and regulating business practices. His trust-busting efforts paved the way for broader Progressive reforms.

The women's suffrage movement focused on expanding democratic participation by winning the right to vote for women. Its success was solidified with the passage of the 19th Amendment.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) played a crucial role in providing jobs and building infrastructure during the Great Depression. It employed millions of Americans in various public works projects.

The internment of Japanese Americans during World War II is a well-known example of a wartime policy that compromised civil liberties. This measure was driven by fear and racial prejudice rather than evidence-based security needs.

Muckrakers played a pivotal role during the Progressive Era by investigating and publicizing societal issues and governmental corruption. Their efforts spurred public demand for reforms and legislative changes.

The Sherman Antitrust Act was pivotal in challenging monopolistic practices by outlawing business practices that stifled competition. Its enforcement laid the groundwork for future regulatory measures against corporate concentration.

Germany's return to unrestricted submarine warfare posed a direct threat to American lives and commercial interests. This aggressive action was one of the main catalysts driving the U.S. into World War I.

The Treaty of Versailles formally ended World War I and imposed severe reparations and territorial losses on Germany. Its strict terms contributed to economic and political instability in post-war Germany.

The 19th Amendment was a major milestone in the fight for gender equality as it extended the right to vote to women. This amendment significantly broadened democratic participation in the United States.

During World War I, propaganda was a vital tool used to rally public support for the war and ensure national unity. It helped to shape public perceptions about the enemy and fostered a sense of patriotism.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a cornerstone of the New Deal, focusing on building public infrastructure while providing employment. Its projects ranged from constructing roads to supporting cultural initiatives.

The NIRA sought to revitalize the economy by encouraging cooperative efforts between businesses and government. Its establishment of industry codes was intended to foster fair competition and stabilize the market.

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was instrumental in laying the groundwork for modern labor rights by setting standards for minimum wages and maximum work hours. This act helped improve working conditions across various industries.

The Battle of Midway is recognized as a decisive naval victory that shifted the balance of power in the Pacific during World War II. It significantly weakened the Japanese fleet and paved the way for future American offensives.

The 'American Century' ideology fostered a belief that the United States was destined to lead globally. This perspective influenced policymakers to pursue active intervention and assume a leadership role on the international stage.

The New Deal marked a transformative era when the federal government took on a more active role in managing the economy. It established numerous agencies and implemented policies that increased government oversight and intervention in economic matters.

The New Deal accelerated the shift of power toward the federal government by instituting centralized programs and regulatory measures. This rebalancing of authority has had a lasting impact on the nature of American governance.

World War II presented the U.S. with the complex challenge of protecting national security while upholding civil liberties. The internment of Japanese Americans exemplifies the difficult choices and consequences of prioritizing one over the other.

The interwar period was marked by minimal regulation and significant speculative practices, which created vulnerabilities in the financial system. These imbalances, including overproduction and income inequality, ultimately contributed to the economic collapse known as the Great Depression.