The clavicle is commonly known as the collarbone and plays an essential role in connecting the arm to the torso. Its position makes it a key landmark in the shoulder region.

The humerus is the long bone that constructs the upper arm, extending from the shoulder to the elbow. This bone is vital for arm mobility and strength.

The scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone that supports shoulder movement. It connects with both the clavicle and the humerus.

The ilium is a major component of the pelvic girdle and helps support the weight of the upper body. Its broad, flaring shape makes it integral to the structure of the pelvis.

The tibia is the larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones, essential for weight-bearing and movement. It plays a key role in supporting the body's structure during activities like walking and running.

The humerus forms the main articulation with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint, which is essential for shoulder mobility. This joint allows for a wide range of arm movements.

The radius is positioned on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm. Its unique placement is crucial for effective wrist rotation and hand mobility.

The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body and bears most of the weight during activities like standing and walking. It connects the hip to the knee, providing essential support for the lower limb.

The patella, or kneecap, acts as a shield for the knee joint, reducing the risk of injury. Additionally, it enhances the leverage of the thigh muscles, aiding in knee extension.

The forearm is comprised of the radius and ulna, which work together to allow the rotation of the wrist and hand. This dual-bone structure is fundamental to the complex movements of the upper limb.

The scapula provides a broad surface for the attachment of multiple shoulder muscles. It is a central element of the shoulder girdle and plays a critical role in the mobility and strength of the upper limb.

The shoulder girdle, composed of the scapula and clavicle, anchors the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Its structure is vital for a wide range of arm movements and stability of the shoulder joint.

The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and the girdles (shoulder and pelvic) that attach them to the axial skeleton. This division is crucial for movement and interaction with the environment.

The distal radius is particularly vulnerable during falls onto an outstretched hand, making it a common fracture site. The force exerted on the wrist during such falls often results in a break near this region.

The calcaneus is commonly referred to as the heel bone and is the largest bone in the foot. It plays a critical role in weight-bearing and providing structural support when walking or standing.

The deltoid tuberosity is a roughened area on the lateral side of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches. This structure is critical for initiating and sustaining arm abduction.

The glenoid cavity is the shallow socket on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the shoulder joint. Its structure is essential for the wide range of motion and stability of the shoulder.

Trochanters are prominent bony projections found on the femur that serve as attachment sites for several muscles. They are key landmarks in the hip region, critical for movements such as walking and running.

The acetabulum is the deep, cup-shaped socket on the pelvis that forms the hip joint with the femoral head. It is critical for stability and allows for smooth weight transfer during movement.

The fibular head is a crucial anatomical landmark that provides attachment for the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), which helps stabilize the knee. Its proper identification is essential in understanding knee mechanics and diagnosing lateral knee injuries.