Physics 1 AP Practice Quiz

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity. When an object moves at a constant velocity, there is no change in speed or direction, meaning its acceleration is zero.

Newton's Second Law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. The equation F = ma is fundamental in linking force, mass, and acceleration.

On a frictionless surface, there is no resistive force opposing the motion of the object. However, gravitational and normal forces still act vertically, balancing each other.

Momentum is conserved in all collisions provided no external forces act on the system. While kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions, it is not conserved in inelastic collisions, making momentum the universally conserved quantity.

Displacement has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. Speed and distance are scalar quantities, and mass does not have a directional component.

At the top of its trajectory, the projectile momentarily stops before reversing its direction, meaning its velocity becomes zero. Despite the zero velocity, the acceleration due to gravity remains constant.

Friction opposes the motion of the block, which results in negative work being done as it removes kinetic energy from the system. This negative work is responsible for the block slowing down.

When objects stick together after a collision, they experience a totally inelastic collision. In this type of collision, momentum is conserved while kinetic energy is not completely conserved.

Equal and opposite forces produce torques that cancel each other when applied at equal distances from the pivot, resulting in a net torque of zero. This scenario demonstrates rotational equilibrium.

Starting from rest, the angular displacement under constant angular acceleration is given by the equation θ = (1/2)αt². This equation is analogous to the linear kinematics equation for displacement with constant acceleration.

The period of a simple pendulum in the small-angle approximation is given by T = 2π√(L/g), which shows that the period depends on the length and gravitational acceleration but not on the mass. Although amplitude must be small for the approximation to hold, the mass remains irrelevant in determining the period.

A resistor limits current by dissipating energy as heat due to its resistance. This energy conversion reduces the flow of electric charge through the circuit as described by Ohm's law.

Ohm's law states that current is directly proportional to voltage when resistance is constant. Doubling the voltage results in a doubling of the current through the resistor.

Centripetal force is defined as the force that acts toward the center of a circular path, causing the object to change direction continuously. This inward force is essential for maintaining circular motion.

As the ball falls, its gravitational potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases. This process, governed by the conservation of energy, is a classic demonstration of energy transformation in a gravitational field.

The potential energy stored in a spring is given by the formula U = (1/2)kx². Substituting k = 50 N/m and x = 0.1 m, we calculate U = 0.5 � - 50 � - (0.1)² = 0.25 J.

The horizontal component of velocity is found using the formula v�" = v � - cos(θ). With an initial speed of 20 m/s and an angle of 30° (cos30° ≈ 0.866), v�" is approximately 20 � - 0.866 = 17.3 m/s.

Using conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the collision (5 kg � - 4 m/s) must equal the total momentum after the collision (combined mass � - final velocity). Solving for the final velocity: (20 kg·m/s) / (5 kg + 3 kg) = 2.5 m/s.

The angular displacement under constant angular acceleration is given by θ = ω₀t + 0.5αt². Substituting ω₀ = 10 rad/s, α = 2 rad/s², and t = 3 s, we get θ = 10� - 3 + 0.5� - 2� - 9 = 30 + 9 = 39 rad.