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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Master the Pediatrics II Final Exam Quiz

Sharpen Pediatric Clinical Skills with This Quiz

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting elements related to Pediatrics II Final Exam Quiz.

Ready to master the Pediatrics II Final Exam Quiz? Joanna Weib invites pediatrics students to test their clinical skills and tackle realistic pediatric II scenarios. You'll gain confidence in diagnosis, treatment planning, and critical care nuances. Easily customize any question in the editor to focus on your study priorities. For extra practice, try the Pediatrics Knowledge Assessment Quiz, explore the Preventive Pediatrics Knowledge Quiz, or discover more quizzes.

At what age do most infants sit unsupported?
4 months
6 months
9 months
3 months
Infants typically develop sufficient trunk strength and balance to sit unsupported by about six months of age. Sitting with support occurs earlier and pulling to stand happens later, around nine months.
What is the normal resting heart rate range for a healthy 1-year-old child?
60 - 80 beats per minute
80 - 120 beats per minute
100 - 160 beats per minute
60 - 100 beats per minute
Infants around one year of age typically have a resting heart rate between 100 and 160 beats per minute due to their higher metabolic demands. Rates significantly below or above this range warrant further evaluation.
What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media in children?
Amoxicillin
Azithromycin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Erythromycin
Amoxicillin is the first-line antibiotic for acute otitis media due to its efficacy against common pathogens and favorable safety profile. Alternative agents are reserved for penicillin-allergic patients or treatment failures.
At what age does the Moro reflex typically disappear in infants?
2 months
3 months
6 months
9 months
The Moro reflex, a startle response present at birth, typically disappears by three to four months of age as the infant's nervous system matures. Persistence beyond six months may indicate neurological abnormalities.
Where is the primary brown fat depot located in newborns to assist with thermogenesis?
Interscapular region
Abdominal area
Gluteal muscles
Thigh muscles
Brown adipose tissue in newborns is predominantly found in the interscapular and supraclavicular regions to generate heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. Other body regions contain minimal brown fat stores.
In an 8-month-old infant with mild RSV bronchiolitis presenting with moderate respiratory distress and hypoxia, what is the most appropriate management?
Ribavirin antiviral therapy
Supportive care with humidified oxygen and hydration
Systemic corticosteroids
Inhaled albuterol treatments
Supportive care with adequate hydration and humidified oxygen is the cornerstone of RSV bronchiolitis management. Antivirals and bronchodilators have not shown consistent benefit in mild to moderate cases, and steroids are generally not recommended.
During initial management of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis, which fluid regimen is recommended?
10 mL/kg isotonic saline bolus
5 mL/kg hypotonic saline bolus
20 mL/kg dextrose 5% bolus
15 mL/kg Ringer's lactate bolus
A 10 mL/kg bolus of isotonic saline is recommended for initial resuscitation to restore perfusion and intravascular volume in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. Hypotonic solutions and dextrose-containing fluids are introduced later to prevent cerebral edema and hypoglycemia.
What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for ADHD in a 7-year-old child?
Methylphenidate
Atomoxetine
Amphetamine salts
Bupropion
Methylphenidate is considered first-line pharmacotherapy for ADHD in school-age children due to its proven efficacy and rapid onset of action. Atomoxetine and other options are alternatives when stimulants are contraindicated or not tolerated.
What is the appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningitis in a 2-year-old child?
Ceftriaxone plus vancomycin
Ampicillin plus gentamicin
Cefazolin alone
Vancomycin alone
Empiric therapy for pediatric bacterial meningitis typically includes a third-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone combined with vancomycin to cover common pathogens including resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ampicillin is added if Listeria is suspected, which is less common in this age group.
A child presents with signs of moderate dehydration including tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and irritability. What is the estimated percentage of body weight lost?
<5%
5 - 10%
10 - 15%
>15%
Moderate dehydration in children is characterized by approximately 5 - 10% body weight loss, manifesting as tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and behavioral changes. Less than 5% indicates mild dehydration, whereas over 10% indicates severe fluid losses.
What is the earliest clinical sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a toddler?
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Gowers' sign
Scapular winging
Cardiomyopathy on echocardiogram
Gowers' sign, characterized by using the hands to 'walk' up the legs to stand, is an early indicator of proximal muscle weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Calf pseudohypertrophy appears later, and cardiomyopathy typically develops in older children.
A 4-year-old child has had a fever for 5 days, conjunctival injection, and strawberry tongue. What is the minimum duration of fever required to consider Kawasaki disease?
3 days
4 days
5 days
7 days
One of the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease is a fever lasting at least five days, along with additional clinical signs such as mucocutaneous inflammation. Fever less than five days does not meet the classic threshold for the condition.
Apnea of prematurity is most likely to resolve by what postmenstrual age in a preterm infant?
34 weeks
36 weeks
38 weeks
40 weeks
Apnea of prematurity commonly resolves by a postmenstrual age of approximately 36 to 37 weeks as the respiratory control centers mature. Persistence beyond this age may warrant further investigation.
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis in a pediatric patient?
Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Decreased MCV
Increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Decreased MCHC
Hereditary spherocytosis leads to red blood cell dehydration and membrane loss, resulting in a higher concentration of hemoglobin within the cell. This is reflected as an increased MCHC on a complete blood count.
Long-standing left-to-right ventricular septal defect in a child leads to which histopathological change in the pulmonary vasculature?
Intimal atherosclerotic plaques
Medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries
Plexiform lesions
Pulmonary artery thrombosis
Chronic increased pulmonary blood flow from a left-to-right shunt causes medial hypertrophy of the small pulmonary arteries. Plexiform lesions are associated with advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension, while atherosclerosis and thrombosis are not typical in pediatric congenital heart disease.
In the management of pediatric anaphylaxis, what is the recommended intramuscular epinephrine dose?
0.01 mg/kg (max 0.3 mg)
0.1 mg/kg (max 1 mg)
0.001 mg/kg (max 0.1 mg)
0.1 mg (fixed dose)
The recommended dose for intramuscular epinephrine in pediatric anaphylaxis is 0.01 mg/kg up to a maximum of 0.3 mg to ensure effective vasoconstriction and bronchodilation. Under-dosing may be ineffective and overdosing increases risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
What is the primary mechanism of action of terbutaline when used as a tocolytic agent in preterm labor?
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade
Beta-1 adrenergic agonism
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism
Calcium channel blockade
Terbutaline acts as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, leading to relaxation of uterine smooth muscle to delay preterm labor. It does not block alpha receptors or directly inhibit calcium channels.
Which prophylactic intervention is used to prevent central nervous system relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
High-dose intravenous cytarabine
Cranial irradiation only
Intrathecal methotrexate
Oral mercaptopurine
Intrathecal methotrexate is administered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid to prevent or treat central nervous system involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cranial irradiation is less favored due to long-term neurocognitive side effects.
A neonate with persistent cyanosis undergoes a hyperoxia test. A PaO2 that remains below 100 mm Hg after 100% oxygen administration suggests which type of etiology?
Primary pulmonary parenchymal disease
Cardiac right-to-left shunt
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Failure of the arterial oxygen tension to rise above 100 mm Hg during a hyperoxia test indicates a right-to-left intracardiac shunt as seen in congenital heart disease. Pulmonary parenchymal diseases and persistent pulmonary hypertension typically show some improvement with 100% oxygen.
Which maneuver increases the intensity of the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an adolescent?
Squatting
Handgrip exercise
Valsalva maneuver
Passive leg raise
The Valsalva maneuver decreases venous return and left ventricular volume, worsening outflow tract obstruction and increasing the murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Squatting increases venous return and decreases the murmur intensity.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse complex pediatric II scenarios for precise diagnoses
  2. Apply developmental milestone criteria in pediatric assessments
  3. Evaluate treatment strategies for pediatric conditions
  4. Identify physiological variations in pediatric patients
  5. Demonstrate emergency management skills for pediatrics II

Cheat Sheet

  1. Master the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) - Imagine the PAT as your superhero vision - - you instantly size up a child's appearance, breathing effort, and skin circulation to gauge severity within seconds. This rapid scan sets the stage for focused care and prevents life-threatening oversights. en.wikipedia.org
  2. Understand Developmental Milestones - Think of milestones as a child's personal growth playlist, where each motor skill and word spoken signals a new track unlocked. Familiarity with age-appropriate achievements helps you spot delays early and guide families toward helpful resources or interventions. cdc.gov
  3. Recognize Normal Vital Signs by Age - Heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure shift dramatically from newborn to teen, so know your numbers! Memorizing these ranges is like having a built-in alarm system - when vitals stray, you'll know something's off fast. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  4. Apply the ABCDE Approach in Emergencies - Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure: treat it like your emergency playlist order, ticking off each letter to save lives. This systematic method ensures you don't miss critical steps during high-pressure moments. en.wikipedia.org
  5. Identify Signs of Respiratory Distress - Keep an eye out for nasal flaring, grunting, and chest retractions - these are the body's red flags shouting for help. Early recognition can mean the difference between a simple breathing treatment and a full respiratory support intervention. en.wikipedia.org
  6. Assess Circulatory Status - Check skin color, capillary refill, and pulse quality like you're surveying a treasure map for clues. Quick detection of pale, mottled, or delayed refill points you straight to potential shock states. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  7. Monitor Neurological Function - Use the AVPU scale (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) to rank consciousness levels faster than scoring your favorite game. This rapid check helps you decide on urgent neuro-interventions or further assessments. en.wikipedia.org
  8. Recognize Age-Specific Behavioral Cues - From peek-a-boo laughs in infants to teens' eye rolls, normal behavior varies wildly by age. Spotting odd behaviors early can lead to timely support for developmental or mental health challenges. childmind.org
  9. Implement Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Protocols - Think of PALS as your life-saving playbook with algorithms ready for any pediatric code. Brushing up on these guidelines ensures you can confidently deliver chest compressions, medications, and defibrillation when seconds matter most. en.wikipedia.org
  10. Stay Updated on Immunization Schedules - Vaccines are your shield against a host of preventable diseases, so keep that schedule on speed dial. Regularly reviewing CDC guidelines guarantees children get timely protection and communities stay healthier. cdc.gov
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