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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Medical Physiology Transport Processes Quiz

Test Your Knowledge of Body Transport Mechanisms

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art representing a quiz on Medical Physiology Transport Processes

Ready to sharpen your grasp of cellular and vascular transport? This Medical Physiology Transport Processes Quiz offers a concise physiology quiz that challenges you on diffusion, osmosis and active transport. Ideal for students and educators seeking a targeted review, this interactive quiz can be customised freely in our editor. For broader context, try the Fundamentals of Physiology Knowledge Test or explore related Anatomy and Physiology Knowledge Quiz. Discover more quizzes to continue your learning journey.

Which process describes the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Osmosis specifically refers to water movement across a semipermeable membrane in response to a solute concentration difference. This process does not require ATP and differs from diffusion of solutes. The correct answer is osmosis.
Diffusion is driven mainly by which of the following?
ATP hydrolysis
Concentration gradient
Temperature difference
Electrical gradient
Diffusion is the passive net movement of solute molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement is driven mainly by the concentration gradient. Other factors like temperature and electrical gradient can modulate but are not the primary driving force.
According to Fick's law, which change will increase the rate of diffusion across a membrane?
Increased membrane thickness
Increased surface area
Decreased concentration gradient
Decreased diffusion coefficient
Fick's law states that the diffusion rate is directly proportional to the surface area available. Increasing surface area provides more space for molecules to cross the membrane, enhancing flux. Therefore, an increase in surface area raises the diffusion rate.
Passive transport differs from active transport because passive transport...
requires ATP
moves solutes against their concentration gradient
uses transport proteins exclusively
requires no energy input
Passive transport moves substances down their electrochemical gradient without the use of metabolic energy. It does not require ATP hydrolysis and can occur via channels or carriers. This distinguishes it from active transport processes.
Bulk flow in the circulatory system is driven by differences in...
concentration gradient
osmotic pressure only
membrane permeability
hydrostatic pressure
Bulk flow is the mass movement of fluid driven by hydrostatic pressure gradients within blood vessels. It is not specific to solutes but moves fluid and dissolved substances together. The hydrostatic pressure difference is the primary driving force.
Which factor will increase the osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane?
Increased solute concentration
Decreased solute concentration
Increased membrane thickness
Decreased temperature
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to solute concentration according to the van 't Hoff equation. Increasing solute concentration generates a larger osmotic gradient, which drives a greater pressure difference. Thus, higher solute concentration increases osmotic pressure.
A nonpolar gas molecule crosses membranes fastest because of its...
high lipid solubility
small size
water solubility
ionic charge
The phospholipid bilayer favors passage of molecules with high lipid solubility due to its hydrophobic core. Nonpolar gas molecules dissolve readily in the membrane lipids and diffuse quickly. Molecular size and polarity are secondary factors but lipid solubility is primary.
In the expression J = -D·A·dC/dx, the symbol D stands for the...
surface area
membrane thickness
diffusion coefficient
concentration gradient
In Fick's law J = -D·A·dC/dx, the term D represents the diffusion coefficient. This coefficient reflects how easily a substance diffuses through the membrane or medium. It is influenced by the molecule's size, solubility, and temperature.
Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport in that facilitated diffusion...
requires ATP
is saturable and bidirectional
moves solutes against gradient
uses primary pumps
Facilitated diffusion transports solutes down their concentration gradient via carrier or channel proteins without the use of ATP. It exhibits saturation kinetics and can operate in both directions. Active transport, by contrast, moves solutes against gradients using energy.
According to Starling's forces, net fluid filtration from capillaries occurs when...
capillary hydrostatic pressure > plasma oncotic pressure
plasma oncotic pressure > capillary hydrostatic pressure
capillary hydrostatic pressure < interstitial oncotic pressure
interstitial hydrostatic pressure > capillary hydrostatic pressure
Starling's forces describe fluid exchange across capillaries by balancing hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. Net filtration occurs when capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure. This pressure difference pushes fluid out of the capillary into the interstitium.
How does increasing temperature generally affect the rate of diffusion of solutes?
no effect
decreases rate
increases rate
stops diffusion
Temperature increases molecular kinetic energy, leading to more frequent collisions and faster diffusion. As temperature rises, the diffusion coefficient (D) generally increases. Thus, diffusion rates of solutes through membranes accelerate with higher temperature.
Which statement best distinguishes primary active transport from secondary active transport?
secondary directly hydrolyzes ATP
secondary uses ATP-binding cassette transporters exclusively
primary uses energy from ion gradients only
primary directly hydrolyzes ATP to drive transport
Primary active transport uses ATP hydrolysis directly to move ions or molecules against their gradients. Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in ion gradients established by primary pumps. This distinction defines the two mechanisms.
The reflection coefficient (σ) in Starling's equation indicates...
ionic concentration difference
how easily a solute crosses a membrane
magnitude of hydrostatic pressure
water permeability
The reflection coefficient (σ) ranges from 0 to 1 and indicates how impermeable a membrane is to a solute. A value of 1 means the solute is completely reflected and not permeable; 0 means fully permeable. It modulates osmotic water flow in Starling's equation.
Glucose transport via GLUT proteins is characterized by...
transport of ions
saturation at high concentration
linear increase with glucose concentration
ATP dependence
GLUT proteins facilitate glucose transport down its concentration gradient without ATP. Because they are carrier proteins, the rate of transport exhibits saturation kinetics at high glucose concentrations. This results in a maximum transport rate.
Which pressure opposes capillary filtration by pulling fluid into the capillary?
capillary oncotic pressure
capillary hydrostatic pressure
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
interstitial oncotic pressure
Capillary oncotic pressure is generated by plasma proteins that draw fluid into the capillary lumen. It opposes the outward hydrostatic pressure that pushes fluid out. This inward force reduces net filtration.
Calculate the diffusion flux (J) if D=1×10^-5 cm^2/s, A=2 cm^2, ΔC=100 mM, and Δx=0.01 cm. (Use J = D·A·ΔC/Δx.)
0.2 mM·cm/s
0.002 mM·cm/s
0.02 mM·cm/s
2.0 mM·cm/s
Plugging the given values into Fick's law: J = D·A·ΔC/Δx = 1×10^-5 cm2/s × 2 cm2 × (100 mM / 0.01 cm) = 0.2 mM·cm/s. This calculation assumes steady-state conditions and uniform concentration gradient. The correct result is 0.2 mM·cm/s.
If membrane thickness is doubled while other factors remain constant, how will the diffusion flux change?
flux quarters
flux halves
flux stays the same
flux doubles
According to Fick's law, flux is inversely proportional to membrane thickness (J ∝ 1/Δx). Doubling the thickness therefore halves the diffusion flux if all other factors remain constant. This inverse relationship is fundamental to membrane diffusion.
A capillary has filtration coefficient Kf = 0.2 mL/min/mmHg and net filtration pressure of 10 mmHg. What is the filtration rate?
20.0 mL/min
0.02 mL/min
1.0 mL/min
2.0 mL/min
Filtration rate is calculated as Kf × net filtration pressure. Substituting Kf = 0.2 mL/min/mmHg and net pressure = 10 mmHg gives 2.0 mL/min. This linear relationship applies in capillary fluid exchange.
According to the van 't Hoff equation, osmotic pressure (π) is given by:
π = RTΔC
π = ΔP·V/nRT
π = RΔT/C
π = D·A·dC/dx
The van 't Hoff equation for osmotic pressure is π = RTΔC, where R is the gas constant, T is absolute temperature, and ΔC is solute concentration difference. This formula parallels the ideal gas law applied to dilute solutions. It quantifies pressure needed to halt osmotic flow.
Aquaporins increase water permeability by:
transporting water via carrier proteins
forming selective channels that exclude ions and protons
hydrolyzing water
using ATP to drive water entry
Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that form narrow channels specific to water molecules. Their selectivity filter excludes ions and protons while allowing rapid water movement. This channel-mediated transport increases water permeability without ATP.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse diffusion and osmosis principles in cellular transport
  2. Identify factors affecting membrane permeability in tissues
  3. Apply Fick's law to calculate solute flux across membranes
  4. Evaluate active and passive transport mechanisms in physiology
  5. Demonstrate understanding of bulk flow and capillary filtration
  6. Master the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion

Cheat Sheet

  1. Understand diffusion and osmosis - Dive into how molecules move from high to low concentration, with osmosis being the superstar of water transport across membranes. These processes are essential for cells to grab nutrients and kick out waste in a seamless cellular dance. Ready to rock your molecular world? Diffusion and Osmosis - Khan Academy
  2. Identify factors affecting membrane permeability - Explore how membrane lipids, temperature shifts, and specialized transport proteins team up to regulate what gets in and out of cells. For example, unsaturated fatty acids boost membrane fluidity, while cholesterol can make it more rigid. Fluid fats facilitate flow - time to flex those membranes! Membrane Permeability - NCBI
  3. Apply Fick's law to calculate solute flux - Learn how the rate of diffusion (J) depends on concentration difference, surface area, and membrane thickness: J = D×A×(ΔC/d). Playing with this formula helps predict how fast nutrients or gases move across barriers. Remember, greater gradient means greater flow - science has never been so quantifiable! Fick's Laws of Diffusion - Wikipedia
  4. Differentiate between active and passive transport - Passive transport (diffusion and osmosis) glides substances down their concentration gradients without energy, while active transport uses ATP to push molecules uphill. This energy investment keeps cells happy and balanced, even when the odds are stacked against them. Passive passes freely; active acts with energy! Active and Passive Transport - NCBI Bookshelf
  5. Evaluate bulk flow and capillary filtration - Discover how pressure differences drive fluids through vessels, key for nutrient delivery and waste removal in tissues. The net filtration pressure equation - (Capillary HP + Interstitial OP) - (Interstitial HP + Capillary OP) - determines fluid exchange outcomes. Pressure pushes plasma, and your understanding powers your learning! Capillary Filtration and Fluid Exchange - CV Physiology
  6. Master carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion - Carrier proteins act like cellular shuttle buses, changing shape to usher specific molecules across membranes without using ATP. Think of glucose transporters (GLUT) giving sugar a VIP ride into your cells. Carriers carry without energy - talk about efficiency! Facilitated Diffusion and Carrier Proteins - NCBI
  7. Recognize the importance of ion channels - Ion channels are gatekeepers that let Na❺, K❺, Ca²❺, and other ions zoom in and out to trigger nerve impulses and muscle moves. They can open in response to voltage changes, ligands, or mechanical forces. Ion channels ignite impulses - get ready to spark some action! Ion Channels - NCBI Bookshelf
  8. Understand the sodium-potassium pump - This ATP-powered pump swaps 3 Na❺ ions out for 2 K❺ ions in to maintain the cell's resting membrane potential. It's a constant energy investment that keeps neurons firing and muscles flexing. Pumpkin: Pump K❺ in - feel the cellular power! Sodium-Potassium Pump - NCBI Bookshelf
  9. Explore secondary active transport - Harness the energy of one molecule moving down its gradient to drag another molecule uphill without directly using ATP. The sodium-glucose cotransporter uses a Na❺ influx to power glucose uptake - talk about teamwork! Secondary transport shares energy in the coolest way. Secondary Active Transport - NCBI Bookshelf
  10. Learn about endocytosis and exocytosis - Cells use endocytosis to wrap up bulky cargo in vesicles and exocytosis to eject waste or release hormones. These processes are vital for nutrient intake, immune responses, and cell communication. Endo brings in; exo sends out - biology's ultimate delivery system! Endocytosis and Exocytosis - NCBI Bookshelf
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