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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Childhood Illness Management Quiz: Test Yourself

Assess Your Knowledge of Pediatric Illness Care

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting elements related to Childhood Illness Management Quiz.

Dive into the Childhood Illness Management Quiz to master pediatric care essentials. This engaging practice test will help you identify symptoms, evaluate treatment options and apply best practices in child health scenarios. Designed for caregivers, students and health professionals, it pairs well with the Healthcare Management Knowledge Assessment Quiz . You can also challenge yourself with the Emergency Management Knowledge Quiz or revisit fundamentals with the Childhood Trivia Quiz . Start now and freely modify this quiz in our quizzes editor.

What is a common early sign of dehydration in children?
Decreased urine output
Mild cough
Low-grade rash
Sneezing
Decreased urine output is among the earliest indicators that a child may be becoming dehydrated. It reflects reduced fluid intake or excessive fluid loss. Other options like cough or rash are not primary signs of dehydration.
Which of the following is considered a normal body temperature for a child?
37°C (98.6°F)
38.5°C (101.3°F)
36°C (96.8°F)
39°C (102.2°F)
A normal pediatric body temperature is around 37°C (98.6°F). Temperatures above 38°C are generally classified as fevers. Temperatures of 36°C or 39°C fall outside the normal range.
Which symptom is most likely associated with a viral infection rather than a bacterial one?
Runny nose and cough
Localized swelling with pus
High-grade spiking fever
Purulent discharge
Runny nose and cough are hallmark signs of many viral infections in children, such as common colds. Bacterial infections more often produce localized signs like purulent discharge or swelling. High-grade fevers and pus are more typical of bacterial causes.
What is the recommended first-line management for a low-grade fever (<38°C) in children?
Maintain fluids and rest
Start antibiotics immediately
Take a cold water bath
Give ibuprofen right away
For a low-grade fever, supportive care with adequate hydration and rest is sufficient. Antibiotics are not indicated for viral fevers. Cold water baths can cause discomfort, and antipyretics aren't needed unless the child is uncomfortable.
When should caregivers seek immediate medical attention for a child's illness?
Difficulty breathing
Mild runny nose
Slight loss of appetite
Watery eyes
Difficulty breathing is a red-flag symptom that requires urgent evaluation. Mild respiratory symptoms like a runny nose, minor appetite changes, or watery eyes are usually managed at home unless they worsen.
Which sign most strongly suggests bacterial rather than viral pharyngitis in a child?
White exudate on tonsils
Hoarseness
Conjunctivitis
Nasal congestion
White exudate on the tonsils is a classic finding in streptococcal (bacterial) pharyngitis. Viral infections more often present with hoarseness, conjunctivitis, and nasal congestion without purulent tonsillar exudate.
What is the recommended maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for children?
75 mg/kg/day
90 mg/kg/day
50 mg/kg/day
20 mg/kg/day
The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen in children is 75 mg per kilogram of body weight. Exceeding this increases the risk of liver toxicity. Doses of 20 or 50 mg/kg are too low for maximum daily limits, and 90 mg/kg/day is unsafe.
Which of these is a key preventive measure for otitis media in young children?
Avoiding passive smoke exposure
Increasing dairy intake
Daily prophylactic antibiotics
High-dose vitamin C
Secondhand smoke exposure irritates the eustachian tubes and increases otitis media risk. Avoiding smoke is evidence-based prevention. There is no indication for daily antibiotics or high-dose vitamin C, and dairy intake does not prevent ear infections.
For mild dehydration in children, what volume of oral rehydration solution is recommended over four hours?
75 ml per kg
25 ml per kg
150 ml per kg
10 ml per kg
World Health Organization guidelines recommend about 75 ml of oral rehydration solution per kilogram over four hours for mild dehydration. Smaller volumes are insufficient, and much larger volumes risk fluid overload.
Which risk factor most increases the severity of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection in infants?
Prematurity
Full-term birth
Exclusive breastfeeding
Attending daycare
Premature infants have underdeveloped lungs and immunity, leading to more severe RSV disease. Daycare attendance raises exposure risk but not severity. Exclusive breastfeeding is protective, and full-term birth is normal risk.
What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis in children?
Penicillin V
Azithromycin
Cephalexin
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Penicillin V is the recommended first-line antibiotic for streptococcal pharyngitis because of its narrow spectrum, efficacy, and safety profile. Azithromycin or cephalexin are alternatives only in penicillin-allergic patients.
Which of the following is NOT recommended for fever management in children?
Using alcohol sponge baths
Offering adequate fluids
Dressing in light clothing
Using tepid sponge baths
Alcohol sponge baths are discouraged due to risk of alcohol absorption and toxicity. Tepid sponging, light clothing, and ensuring hydration are safe and recommended methods to help reduce fever.
Which nutritional strategy is best for a child recovering from gastroenteritis?
Continue age-appropriate diet including breastfeeding
Provide only clear liquids for 24 hours
Use BRAT diet exclusively
Withhold solids for two days
Continuing a normal age-appropriate diet, including breastfeeding for infants, supports recovery and intestinal health. Prolonged clear liquid diets or withholding solid food can delay nutritional rehabilitation and lengthen illness.
At what body temperature should an infant under three months be evaluated by a healthcare provider?
100.4°F (38°C) or higher
99°F (37.2°C)
102°F (38.9°C)
Any temperature
An infant younger than three months with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher requires prompt evaluation due to higher risk of serious bacterial infections. Lower fevers may be observed, and routine care is not needed for higher thresholds without other signs.
Which condition most often requires antibiotic treatment in pediatric practice?
Acute otitis media with bulging tympanic membrane
Viral conjunctivitis
Croup
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Acute otitis media with a bulging tympanic membrane is typically bacterial and often treated with antibiotics. Viral conjunctivitis, croup (viral), and hand-foot-and-mouth disease do not require antibiotics and are managed supportively.
A 4-year-old presents with high fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness. What is the most appropriate next step?
Immediate referral for emergency evaluation
Start oral antibiotics at home
Observe for 24 hours
Administer only antipyretics
Headache, neck stiffness, and high fever raise concern for meningitis, necessitating immediate emergency evaluation. Delaying for home antibiotics or observation risks serious complications.
Calculate the fluid deficit in milliliters for a 15 kg child estimated to have 8% dehydration.
1200 ml
500 ml
800 ml
1500 ml
Fluid deficit is calculated as percent dehydration × weight: 0.08 × 15 kg × 1000 = 1200 ml. Other volumes do not match the 8% deficit calculation.
Which sign differentiates hypovolemic shock from compensated dehydration in children?
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Dry mucous membranes
Sunken eyes
Hypotension is a late sign indicating that compensatory mechanisms have failed and shock is present. Tachycardia, dry membranes, and sunken eyes can occur in both dehydration and early compensatory phases.
A child with asplenia requires which vaccine adjustment to reduce severe bacterial infection risk?
Additional pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines
Delay all vaccines until age 5
Administer live vaccines only
No change from routine schedule
Asplenic children have impaired clearance of encapsulated bacteria, so they need extra pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines. Delaying or restricting vaccines increases infection risk.
A 5-year-old has fever >5 days, red cracked lips, conjunctivitis, and swollen hands and feet. Which treatment is indicated?
Intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose aspirin
Oral antibiotics for 7 days
High-dose corticosteroids
Only oral fluids and rest
This presentation is consistent with Kawasaki disease, for which treatment is high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary artery complications. Antibiotics or fluids alone are insufficient.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Identify common symptoms and early signs of childhood illnesses
  2. Analyze appropriate management steps for viral and bacterial infections
  3. Apply best practices for fever management in children
  4. Evaluate risk factors and preventive measures for pediatric conditions
  5. Demonstrate when to seek medical attention for childhood ailments
  6. Master hydration and nutrition strategies during illness

Cheat Sheet

  1. Spot Common Illness Symptoms - When little ones hit fevers, coughs, and runny noses, it's usually just a cold, flu, or RSV, but early detection means quick relief and less drama. Trust your parental instincts and watch for changes in mood and energy too. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
    2. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
  2. Tell Viral and Bacterial Apart - Viral bugs often clear up on fluids and rest, while bacterial infections might require antibiotics - just be careful to avoid antibiotic resistance. Keep an eye on symptom patterns and severity as your best clues. Overview of Bacterial Infections in Children - Merck Manual Consumer Version
    3. Overview of Bacterial Infections in Children - Merck Manual Consumer Version
  3. Master Fever First Aid - Use age-appropriate acetaminophen or ibuprofen and keep kiddos hydrated instead of risking aspirin and Reye's syndrome. Combine comfort measures like a lukewarm sponge bath to help temperature dips. Care of Children Manual | Viral Infections
    4. Care of Children Manual | Viral Infections
  4. Assess Your Kiddo's Risk - From playground germs to missed shots, understanding risk factors ensures you stay proactive with handwashing and immunizations. A little prevention goes a long way in keeping sniffles at bay. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
    5. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
  5. Know When to Call the Doc - If fever rages on, breathing gets labored, or dehydration knocks, don't hesitate to seek medical care pronto. Early intervention can turn a scary night into a quick recovery. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
    6. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
  6. Fuel Recovery with Fluids & Food - Offer water, electrolyte drinks, and small, nutrient-packed snacks to keep energy up and immune systems happy. A few favorite smoothies can turn hydration time into fun. Care of Children Manual | Viral Infections
    7. Care of Children Manual | Viral Infections
  7. Practice Germ-Busting Habits - Regular handwashing, sneezing into elbows, and up-to-date shots can turn your home into a no-germ zone. These simple steps make big waves in health. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
    8. Common Childhood Illnesses | Johns Hopkins Medicine
  8. Champion Rest & Recovery - Quiet play and cozy naps give little bodies the downtime they need to battle bugs and bounce back stronger. A well-rested child's immune system is its best defense. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
    9. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
  9. Boost Immunity with Vaccines - Keeping up with the CDC's schedule for measles, mumps, flu, and more is a community superhero move. Vaccinations protect your kiddo and friends alike. Overview of Bacterial Infections in Children - Merck Manual Consumer Version
    10. Overview of Bacterial Infections in Children - Merck Manual Consumer Version
  10. Spot & Stop Dehydration - Watch for dry lips, no tears when crying, and fewer bathroom breaks - these are red flags that hydration is slipping. Quick fluid fixes can save the day. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
    11. Recognizing and Treating Common Viral Infections in Kids | PediStat
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