PHYSIOLOGY QUIZ
The chemical driving force across a membrane is a reflection of the:
membrane potential
concentration gradient
equilibrium potential
osmotic pressure
As osmolarity increases, water concentration ________________ and osmotic pressure _________________.
decreases: increases
decreases: decreases
increases: decreases
increases:increases
In the living cell, the resting membrane potential is ____________ with more ___________ charges outside the cell.
positive: positive
negative: positive
negative: negative
positive: negative
cholesterol enters the cell by:
-simple diffusion
1ry active transport
2dry active transport
facilitated diffusion
endocytosis
Acetylcholine is an example of a(n):
paracrine
neurohormone
neurotransmitter
autocrine
Sodium-linked glucose transport is an example of:
facilitated diffusion
secondary active transport
primary active transport
sodium-potassium pump
Secondary active transport occurs when:
an energy source directly transports a molecule across a membrane
a concentration or electrochemical gradient is created by primary active transport
a membrane potential moves ions up their concentration gradient
a molecule passes through a second membrane after a first membrane
Select the membrane transport protein that is least likely to exhibit saturation
carrier
channel with binding sites
channel with an open pore
pump
An example of primary active transport is the:
calcium pump
glucose carrier
sodium-linked glucose transport
sodium-proton counter transport
Red blood cells are placed into an unknow solution. The cells swell and some burst. This indicates that the solution is
isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic
cannot be determined
Aquaporins are ________________ that permit the ___________ transport of water.
channels: active
carriers: passive
channels: passive
carriers: active
Select the molecule that should have the greatest permeability through a cell membrane:
ATP
amino acid
cholesterol
glucose
_____________ molecules readily dissolve in water and are ______________.
nonpolar: hydrophilic
polar: hydrophilic
polar: hydrophobic
nonpolar: hydrophobic
Which of the following is the approximate extracellular fluid volume of a normal Individual? (male)
5% of body mass
60% of body mass
10% of body mass
20% of body mass
40% of body mass
How does the intracellular Na+ concentration change following inhibition of Na+ -K+ ATPase?
increase
decrease
Remains the same
Solution A contains 10 mmol/L glucose, and Solution B contains 1 mmol/L glucose. If the glucose concentration in both solutions is doubled, by how much will the flux (flow) of glucose between the two solutions change
remain unchanged
double
triple
quadruple
Which of the following is characteristic of the events occurring at an excitatory synapse
There is a massive efflux of calcium from the presynaptic terminal
Synaptic vesicles bind to the postsynaptic membrane
Voltage-gated potassium channels are closed
) Ligand-gated channels are opened to allow sodium entry into the postsynaptic neuron
The excitatory or inhibitory action of a neurotransmitter is determined by which of the following?
The function of its postsynaptic receptor
Its molecular composition
The shape of the synaptic vesicle in which it is contained
The distance between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes
Prolonged changes in neuronal activity are usually achieved through the activation of which of the following?
Voltage-gated chloride channels
Transmitter-gated sodium channels
G-protein–coupled channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels
Sodium and potassium pumps are examples of __________
Passive transport
Plasmolysis
Active transport
Osmosis
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