AP Stats Unit 1 Review Practice Quiz

Displacement is a vector because it has both magnitude and direction. In contrast, speed, temperature, and mass are scalar quantities.

Newton's First Law, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. This principle outlines the natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion.

A stretched bow stores elastic potential energy due to its deformed state. This stored energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the bow is released.

The SI unit of force is the Newton, defined as the force needed to accelerate one kilogram of mass by one meter per second squared. Other units mentioned pertain to energy, power, or pressure rather than force.

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Unlike potential energy, which is stored, kinetic energy is active when the object is moving.

Even when an object travels at a constant speed in a circular path, its direction continuously changes, which means there is always an acceleration directed toward the center of the circle. This acceleration is known as centripetal acceleration.

Work is calculated using the formula W = F × d, where F is force and d is displacement in the direction of the force. Multiplying 10 N by 5 m yields 50 Joules of work.

In the absence of non-conservative forces such as friction, the total mechanical energy of a system (the sum of kinetic and potential energy) remains constant. This equation is a direct statement of the conservation of energy principle in mechanical systems.

Ohm's Law states that current (I) equals voltage (V) divided by resistance (R), or I = V/R. Substituting the given values, 12V divided by 4 ohms results in a current of 3 Amperes.

Newton's law of universal gravitation indicates that the force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of those masses. Doubling one mass while keeping the other and the separation constant will double the gravitational force.

The relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength is given by v = λf. With a constant wave speed, doubling the frequency requires that the wavelength is halved. This inverse relationship is a fundamental property of waves.

While total momentum is conserved during collisions, the distribution of kinetic energy among the colliding objects can change, especially in inelastic collisions. Some kinetic energy might be transformed into other forms of energy such as heat or sound.

Equilibrium in a mechanical system means that the sum of all forces acting on the object is zero, resulting in no acceleration. An object in equilibrium can be at rest or moving with constant velocity, as described by Newton's first law.

A pendulum gradually loses energy because of non-conservative forces like air resistance and friction at the pivot. These forces convert the mechanical energy of the pendulum into thermal energy, reducing its amplitude until it eventually comes to rest.

Nearsightedness (myopia) is corrected using concave lenses, which help to diverge light rays so that the image is focused correctly on the retina. This optical adjustment compensates for the eye's tendency to focus images in front of the retina.

The maximum height of a projectile is calculated using the formula H = (v² × sin²θ) / (2g). By substituting v = 20 m/s, θ = 30° (with sin 30° = 0.5), and g ≈ 9.8 m/s², the maximum height comes out to be approximately 5.1 meters.

At resonance in a series RLC circuit, the inductive and capacitive reactances cancel each other out, leaving only the resistance, which is the minimum possible impedance of the circuit. This minimization of impedance results in the maximum current flow through the circuit.

Average acceleration is given by the change in velocity divided by the time taken. Since the car's velocity decreases from 30 m/s to 0 m/s over 5 seconds, the average acceleration is (0 - 30) / 5 = -6 m/s², with the negative sign indicating deceleration.

The wavelength of a wave is calculated using the formula λ = v / f. With a speed of sound of 340 m/s and a frequency of 500 Hz, the resulting wavelength is 340 / 500 = 0.68 meters. This demonstrates the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength.

The period of oscillation for a mass-spring system is determined by the formula T = 2π√(m/k). For m = 2 kg and k = 50 N/m, the calculation gives T = 2π√(2/50) which is approximately 1.26 seconds. This formula shows how the mass and spring constant impact the oscillation period.