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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Master Maternal-Fetal Medicine Knowledge Assessment

Sharpen Clinical Skills in Maternal-Fetal Care

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting a quiz on Maternal-Fetal Medicine Knowledge Assessment.

Ready to explore prenatal risk factors in this maternal-fetal medicine quiz? Designed for obstetricians and trainees, this assessment offers targeted insights into high-risk pregnancy management and fetal monitoring. Compare your skills with our Fetal Echocardiography Knowledge Quiz or deepen understanding through the Maternal Health Knowledge Assessment . All questions are fully editable in the quizzes editor for personalized study sessions. Take the free quiz now and sharpen your prenatal care expertise.

Which of the following maternal factors is primarily associated with increased risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities?
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Advanced maternal age (>35 years)
Low body mass index (BMI)
Multiparity
Advanced maternal age is a well-established risk factor for nondisjunction events leading to chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of trisomy increases significantly after age 35.
What is the first-line imaging modality for routine fetal assessment during pregnancy?
Ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Computed tomography (CT)
X-ray
Ultrasound is safe, widely available, and provides real-time information on fetal anatomy and growth without ionizing radiation. It is the standard first-line imaging tool in obstetrics.
At what gestational age range is nuchal translucency measurement typically performed?
6 - 9 weeks
11 - 14 weeks
18 - 22 weeks
>30 weeks
Nuchal translucency is measured between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation when fetal skin is thin and fluid accumulation at the back of the neck is most predictive of aneuploidy. Outside this window, measurements lose reliability.
Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) is most commonly associated with which condition?
Down syndrome
Neural tube defect
Intrauterine growth restriction
Preeclampsia
High MSAFP levels are most often linked to open neural tube defects such as spina bifida, due to leakage of fetal proteins into the amniotic fluid. Other abnormalities can cause mild elevations but NTDs are classic.
A detailed fetal anatomical survey (anatomy scan) is typically scheduled during which gestational age window?
6 - 9 weeks
11 - 14 weeks
18 - 22 weeks
24 - 28 weeks
The detailed anatomy scan is performed at 18 - 22 weeks when fetal organs are sufficiently developed for structural assessment. Earlier scans lack resolution and later scans may miss optimal diagnostic windows.
Increased peak systolic velocity in the fetal middle cerebral artery is most indicative of which condition?
Fetal anemia
Placental insufficiency
Polyhydramnios
Fetal tachycardia
Anemia reduces blood viscosity, causing increased flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery. Doppler assessment of MCA peak systolic velocity is a noninvasive marker for fetal anemia.
Which combination of findings defines preeclampsia in a pregnant patient?
Systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and proteinuria ≥300 mg/24 hr
Systolic BP ≥160 mmHg without proteinuria
Any BP ≥130/80 mmHg with edema
Uncontrolled gestational diabetes
Preeclampsia is diagnosed by new-onset hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) accompanied by proteinuria (≥300 mg/24 hr). Severe hypertension without proteinuria alone does not meet criteria.
How many parameters are evaluated in the biophysical profile (BPP) for fetal well-being?
3
4
5
6
The BPP includes five parameters: nonstress test, fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume. Each parameter scores 0 or 2 for a total of 10.
The fetal four-chamber view on echocardiography primarily assesses which structures?
Outflow tracts
Atrial and ventricular chamber size and septal integrity
Great vessel alignment
Ductus venosus flow
The four-chamber view evaluates the size, symmetry, and septal continuity of the atria and ventricles. It is the cornerstone for detecting many structural heart defects.
A positive indirect Coombs test in a pregnant patient indicates what?
Confirmed fetal anemia
Maternal anti-D antibodies present
Fetal hydrops
Maternal ABO incompatibility only
A positive indirect Coombs test shows that maternal antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens (e.g., RhD) are circulating. It does not confirm fetal anemia but indicates sensitization.
What defines a reactive nonstress test (NST) in prenatal monitoring?
Two accelerations of ≥15 bpm for ≥15 seconds within 20 minutes
Continuous fetal heart rate variability >25 bpm
One deceleration lasting >10 seconds
Absence of accelerations in 40 minutes
A reactive NST requires at least two fetal heart rate accelerations (≥15 bpm above baseline lasting ≥15 seconds) within a 20-minute period, indicating adequate oxygenation and neurologic function.
An amniotic fluid index (AFI) greater than 24 cm suggests which condition?
Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Normal fluid volume
Fetal hydrops
An AFI >24 cm indicates polyhydramnios, reflecting excessive amniotic fluid. This can be associated with fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, or idiopathic causes.
Maternal pregestational diabetes most commonly increases the risk of which fetal complication?
Fetal macrosomia
Oligohydramnios
Placental abruption
Amniotic band syndrome
Preexisting diabetes often leads to fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, promoting overgrowth and resulting in macrosomia. It also increases risks of other complications but macrosomia is classic.
Fetal MRI is particularly advantageous for detailed evaluation of which fetal system when ultrasound findings are inconclusive?
Musculoskeletal system
Cardiac structures
Central nervous system
Renal collecting system
Fetal MRI excels at delineating central nervous system anomalies, providing superior soft tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging without bone shadowing that can limit ultrasound.
In fetal echocardiography, the outflow tract view is used to visualize which structures?
Aorta and pulmonary artery
Mitral valve only
Ductus arteriosus
Superior vena cava
The outflow tract views isolate the left ventricular outflow tract (aorta) and right ventricular outflow tract (pulmonary artery), allowing assessment of vessel size, alignment, and flow.
In the fetal three-vessel view during echocardiography, which vessel appears most anterior?
Main pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
Ascending aorta
Ductus arteriosus
In the three-vessel view the main pulmonary artery lies most anterior and to the left of the aorta and superior vena cava, providing a key landmark for normal cardiac orientation.
After a positive cell-free fetal DNA screening for trisomy 21, what is the recommended next step?
Proceed with invasive diagnostic testing via amniocentesis
Schedule another nonstress test
Repeat cell-free DNA screening immediately
Perform only a detailed ultrasound
A positive cfDNA screen indicates increased risk but is not diagnostic. Confirmation with invasive testing (amniocentesis or CVS) is required prior to any definitive management.
Early onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is commonly defined as fetal abdominal circumference below which percentile?
3rd percentile
10th percentile
20th percentile
5th percentile
Early onset FGR is generally characterized by an abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile before 32 weeks, reflecting inadequate growth often due to placental insufficiency.
Which echocardiographic finding is most consistent with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in a fetus?
Enlarged left ventricle
Small left ventricle and ascending aorta
Large ductus arteriosus only
Tricuspid regurgitation only
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is defined by underdevelopment of the left ventricle, mitral and aortic valves, and ascending aorta, with compensatory flow through a large ductus arteriosus.
Absence or reversal of the a-wave in the ductus venosus Doppler waveform is most indicative of which condition?
Normal fetal circulation
Fetal cardiac dysfunction and increased mortality risk
Placental abruption
Maternal hypertension
An absent or reversed a-wave reflects impaired ventricular compliance or function leading to retrograde flow in the ductus venosus, and is associated with high risk of fetal compromise and mortality.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse risk factors affecting maternal-fetal health
  2. Evaluate diagnostic imaging techniques in fetal assessment
  3. Identify complications in high-risk pregnancies
  4. Apply evidence-based protocols for prenatal monitoring
  5. Demonstrate understanding of fetal echocardiography basics
  6. Interpret lab results relevant to maternal-fetal medicine

Cheat Sheet

  1. Key Risk Factors - Think of risk factors like the secret ingredients that can spice up or spoil maternal-fetal health: maternal age, pre-existing diabetes, and lifestyle habits play starring roles. Spotting these early gives you the power to intervene and secure a happy ending for both mom and baby. Anatomy of the normal fetal heart
    2. Anatomy of the normal fetal heart: The basis for understanding fetal echocardiography
  2. Master Imaging Techniques - Fetal echocardiography is your ultrasound superhero, using sound waves to reveal the heart's inner workings without a single incision. Getting hands-on practice with this non-invasive tool boosts your detective skills for early congenital heart defect detection. Fetal Echocardiography | Johns Hopkins Medicine
    3. Fetal Echocardiography | Johns Hopkins Medicine
  3. Spot High-Risk Complications - Conditions like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction are plot twists you don't want in your maternal-fetal story. Identifying these villains early on means you can roll out the red carpet of care for mom and baby. Fetal Echocardiography Information | Mount Sinai
    4. Fetal echocardiography Information | Mount Sinai - New York
  4. Follow Evidence-Based Protocols - Regular ultrasounds and non-stress tests are like your trusty sidekicks, constantly monitoring fetal development and well-being. Abiding by proven protocols keeps you on track to manage potential issues before they steal the show. Fetal Echocardiography | UCSF Health
    5. Fetal echocardiography | UCSF Health
  5. Grasp Fetal Echo Basics - From indications and imaging planes to result interpretation, the fundamentals of fetal echocardiography are your backstage pass to the fetal heart show. Nail these basics and you'll be ready to assess heart health like a seasoned clinician. Fetal Echocardiography | American Heart Association
    6. Fetal Echocardiography / Your Developing Child's Heart | American Heart Association
  6. Interpret Lab Results - Blood glucose, complete blood counts, and infection screenings are your biochemical breadcrumbs leading to diagnoses. Learn to decode these results and you'll sharpen your skills in managing conditions that affect pregnancy. Fetal Echocardiography Information | Mount Sinai
    7. Fetal echocardiography Information | Mount Sinai - New York
  7. Use the Four-Chamber View - This classic ultrasound angle gives you a panoramic look at the heart's chambers, valves, and walls - your first line of defense against hidden anomalies. Mastering it ensures no detail goes unnoticed. Fetal echocardiography - PMC
    8. Fetal echocardiography - PMC
  8. Leverage Doppler Ultrasound - Doppler adds a splash of color to your images, revealing real-time blood flow patterns in fetal vessels and the heart. It's a vital tool for checking circulation and spotting potential blockages. Basic technique of fetal echocardiography
    9. Basic technique of fetal echocardiography
  9. Know When to Scan - A family history of heart defects or strange ultrasound findings are your green lights for ordering a fetal echocardiogram. Timing is everything - understanding indications means earlier diagnosis and better care. Fetal Echocardiography | American Heart Association
    10. Fetal Echocardiography / Your Developing Child's Heart | American Heart Association
  10. Stay Updated with Guidelines - Medicine is an ever-evolving adventure, so keep your toolkit fresh by following the latest maternal-fetal medicine standards and practice updates. Continuous learning is your superpower for delivering top-tier care. Fetal Echocardiography | Johns Hopkins Medicine
    11. Fetal Echocardiography | Johns Hopkins Medicine
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