How well do you know your RNAs?

Which duplex is the most thermodynamically stable?
RNA:DNA
DNA:DNA
RNA:RNA
They are all equally stable
RNA:RNA duplexes are the most thermodynamically stable.
For oligonucleotides with the same sequence, the order, in increasing stability, is DNA:DNA < DNA:RNA < RNA:RNA
 
 
RNA:RNA duplexes are the most thermodynamically stable.
For oligonucleotides with the same sequence, the order, in increasing stability, is DNA:DNA < DNA:RNA < RNA:RNA
 
 
What is the most abundant RNA species in cells?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
siRNA
rRNA is the most abundant RNA species in cells.
 
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) are found in ribosomes where protein synthesis takes place, and therefore account for the majority of RNA in the cell.
rRNA is the most abundant RNA species in cells.
 
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) are found in ribosomes where protein synthesis takes place, and therefore account for the majority of RNA in the cell.
What cap structure is found on eukaryotic mRNA?
5'-7-methylguanosine cap
no cap
5'-trimethylguanosine cap
5'-monomethylphosphate cap
The 5’-7-methylguanosine cap is a characteristic of nearly every mRNA molecule. It’s essential for mRNA translation and mediates a number of other RNA processing events.
 
 
The 5’-7-methylguanosine cap is a characteristic of nearly every mRNA molecule. It’s essential for mRNA translation and mediates a number of other RNA processing events.
 
 
Which enzyme is the best choice for ligating adjacent ssDNAs on an RNA splint?
T4 RNA Ligase 1
T4 RNA Ligase 2
RtcB Ligase
SplintR Ligase
SplintR Ligase, also known as PBCV-1 DNA Ligase or Chlorella virus DNA Ligase, efficiently catalyzes the ligation of adjacent, single-stranded DNA splinted by a complementary RNA strand. This previously unreported activity may enable novel approaches for characterization of miRNAs and mRNAs, including SNPs.
SplintR Ligase, also known as PBCV-1 DNA Ligase or Chlorella virus DNA Ligase, efficiently catalyzes the ligation of adjacent, single-stranded DNA splinted by a complementary RNA strand. This previously unreported activity may enable novel approaches for characterization of miRNAs and mRNAs, including SNPs.
By mass, what is the ratio of mRNA to total RNA in an average mammalian cell?
1:1
10:1
1:100
1:10
100:1
1:100
The majority of RNA in mammalian cells is rRNA and tRNA. Only a small percentage is mRNA.
1:100
The majority of RNA in mammalian cells is rRNA and tRNA. Only a small percentage is mRNA.
The number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in RNA in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic cells is __________ the number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in DNA in cells.
about the same as
more than
less than
RNA is not chemically modified in cells
DNA is not chemically modified in cells
The number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in RNA is more than the number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in DNA in cells.
 
Over 100 chemical modifications have been found in RNA. Modifications can be made on the sugar phosphate backbone, 5’ and 3’ ends, or internal bases. A database of known modifications can be found here.
 
 
The number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in RNA is more than the number of distinct chemical modifications that occur in DNA in cells.
 
Over 100 chemical modifications have been found in RNA. Modifications can be made on the sugar phosphate backbone, 5’ and 3’ ends, or internal bases. A database of known modifications can be found here.
 
 
What is the function of the 5' cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA?
To tag the pre-mRNA for splicing
To tag the mRNA for nuclear export
To tag the mRNA for translation by the ribosome
All of the above and many more
All of the above.
 
The 5’ cap structure is unique to eukaryotic mRNA, and cap-dependent translation accounts for the vast majority of protein translation of eukaryotic cells. While having no enzyme activity, the 5’ cap acts as a beacon to recruit different nuclear and cytoplasmic factors that guide the RNA through a complex life cycle of eukaryotic mRNA such as pre-mRNA splicing, 3’ end processing, nuclear export and assembly of the ribosome for translation. The 5’ cap structure can undergo further modifications and participate in roles such as innate immune response and modulation of pre-mRNA splicing.
 
 
All of the above.
 
The 5’ cap structure is unique to eukaryotic mRNA, and cap-dependent translation accounts for the vast majority of protein translation of eukaryotic cells. While having no enzyme activity, the 5’ cap acts as a beacon to recruit different nuclear and cytoplasmic factors that guide the RNA through a complex life cycle of eukaryotic mRNA such as pre-mRNA splicing, 3’ end processing, nuclear export and assembly of the ribosome for translation. The 5’ cap structure can undergo further modifications and participate in roles such as innate immune response and modulation of pre-mRNA splicing.
 
 
The ribosome is predominantly made up of RNA: True or false?
True
False
True.
 
RNA constitutes ≥ 60% of the ribosome by mass and is necessary for proper function. In bacterial ribosomes there are approximately 4500 nucleotides of RNA and 54 ribosomal proteins. The eukaryotic ribosome is larger, harboring additional RNA "expansion segments" and proteins.
 
(Source: Wilson, D.N. and Doudna Cate, J.H. (2012) The Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Ribosome. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 4.)
 
 
True.
 
RNA constitutes ≥ 60% of the ribosome by mass and is necessary for proper function. In bacterial ribosomes there are approximately 4500 nucleotides of RNA and 54 ribosomal proteins. The eukaryotic ribosome is larger, harboring additional RNA "expansion segments" and proteins.
 
(Source: Wilson, D.N. and Doudna Cate, J.H. (2012) The Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Ribosome. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 4.)
 
 
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